Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies of GABA in Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Linda Chang, MD; Christine C. Cloak, PhD; and Thomas Ernst, PhD
Forgot your login? GET HELP
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous
system and is integral to managing brain excitability. GABA concentrations vary according to age,
gender, and brain region. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), with editing or with localized
2-dimensional chemical shift methods, can measure GABA levels in vivo, ex vivo, or in vitro, particularly
at ultra-high magnetic field strengths. Proton (1H) MRS studies have found reduced or abnormal
GABA concentrations in several neuropsychiatric disorders, including epilepsy, anxiety disorders,
major depression, and drug addiction. Disorders with low GABA levels may be treated by augmentation
of GABAergic function, such as by medications that block the degradation or reuptake of
GABA. Examples of such a rational therapeutic approach include anticonvulsants that elevate brain
GABA levels and are effective for the treatment of epilepsy and anxiety disorder.
J Clin Psychiatry 2003;64(suppl 3):7-14
© Copyright 2003 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.
Manage Subscriptions
/_layouts/images/ReportServer/Manage_Subscription.gif
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/ManageSubscriptions.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x80
0x0
FileType
rdl
350
Manage Data Sources
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/DataSourceList.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x20
FileType
rdl
351
Manage Shared Datasets
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/DatasetList.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x20
FileType
rdl
352
Manage Parameters
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/ParameterList.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x4
FileType
rdl
353
Manage Processing Options
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/ReportExecution.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x4
FileType
rdl
354
Manage Cache Refresh Plans
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/CacheRefreshPlanList.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x4
FileType
rdl
355
View Report History
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/ReportHistory.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x40
FileType
rdl
356
View Dependent Items
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/DependentItems.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x4
FileType
rsds
350
Edit Data Source Definition
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/SharedDataSource.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x4
FileType
rsds
351
View Dependent Items
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/DependentItems.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x4
FileType
smdl
350
Manage Clickthrough Reports
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/ModelClickThrough.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x4
FileType
smdl
352
Manage Model Item Security
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/ModelItemSecurity.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x2000000
FileType
smdl
353
Regenerate Model
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/GenerateModel.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x4
FileType
smdl
354
Manage Data Sources
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/DataSourceList.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x20
FileType
smdl
351
Load in Report Builder
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/RSAction.aspx?RSAction=ReportBuilderModelContext&list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x2
FileType
smdl
250
Edit in Report Builder
/_layouts/images/ReportServer/EditReport.gif
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/RSAction.aspx?RSAction=ReportBuilderReportContext&list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x4
FileType
rdl
250
Edit in Report Builder
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/RSAction.aspx?RSAction=ReportBuilderDatasetContext&list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x4
FileType
rsd
250
Manage Caching Options
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/DatasetCachingOptions.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x4
FileType
rsd
350
Manage Cache Refresh Plans
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/CacheRefreshPlanList.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}&IsDataset=true
0x0
0x4
FileType
rsd
351
Manage Data Sources
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/DataSourceList.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x20
FileType
rsd
352
View Dependent Items
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/DependentItems.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x4
FileType
rsd
353
Compliance Details
javascript:commonShowModalDialog('{SiteUrl}/_layouts/itemexpiration.aspx?ID={ItemId}&List={ListId}', 'center:1;dialogHeight:500px;dialogWidth:500px;resizable:yes;status:no;location:no;menubar:no;help:no', function GotoPageAfterClose(pageid){if(pageid == 'hold') {STSNavigate(unescape(decodeURI('{SiteUrl}'))+'/_layouts/hold.aspx?ID={ItemId}&List={ListId}'); return false;} if(pageid == 'audit') {STSNavigate(unescape(decodeURI('{SiteUrl}'))+'/_layouts/Reporting.aspx?Category=Auditing&backtype=item&ID={ItemId}&List={ListId}'); return false;} if(pageid == 'config') {STSNavigate(unescape(decodeURI('{SiteUrl}'))+'/_layouts/expirationconfig.aspx?ID={ItemId}&List={ListId}'); return false;}}, null); return false;
0x0
0x1
ContentType
0x01
898
Document Set Version History
javascript:SP.UI.ModalDialog.ShowPopupDialog('{SiteUrl}/_layouts/DocSetVersions.aspx?List={ListId}&ID={ItemId}')
0x0
0x0
ContentType
0x0120D520
330
Send To other location
javascript:GoToPage('{SiteUrl}/_layouts/docsetsend.aspx?List={ListId}&ID={ItemId}')
0x0
0x0
ContentType
0x0120D520
350