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Dr. Rush has received research grant support from Abbott Laboratories, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Cyberonics, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Forest Pharma- ceuticals, Inc., Parke-Davis, Glaxo Wellcome Inc., Janssen Pharmaceutica, L.P., Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Meadows Foundation, National Institute of Mental Health, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Organon Inc., Pfizer Inc, Pharmacia Corporation, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Stanley Foundation, Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, and Zeneca Pharmaceuticals; is a consultant for Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Cyberonics, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Forest Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Parke-Davis, Glaxo Wellcome Inc., Janssen Pharmaceutica, L.P., Merck & Co., Inc., Mitsubishi Chemical America, Inc., National Institute of Mental Health, Organon Inc., Pfizer Inc, Pharmacia Corporation, Stanley Foundation, Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, and Yamanouchi U.S.A. Inc.; and is a member of the speaker's bureau for Abbott Laboratories, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Cyberonics, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Forest Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Parke-Davis, Glaxo Wellcome Inc., Organon Inc., Pfizer Inc, Pharmacia Corporation, and Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories;

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Dr. Greden is a consultant for Eli Lilly and Company, Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Pfizer Inc, and SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals;

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Dr. Kornstein has received research grant support from Pfizer Inc, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Eli Lilly and Company, Forest Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Glaxo Wellcome Inc., Mitsubishi-Tokyo Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Biovail Laboratories, Inc., Pharmacia Corporation, Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, and Berlex Laboratories; is a consultant for Pfizer Inc, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Eli Lilly and Company, and Glaxo Wellcome Inc.; and is a member of the advisory board for Pharmacia Corporation, Pfizer Inc, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, and Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories;

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Dr. Nierenberg is a consultant for Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Organon Inc., and Eli Lilly and Company; has received research grant support form Eli Lilly and Company, Pfizer Inc, Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Glaxo Wellcome Inc., Organon Inc., and Cyberonics, Inc.; has received honoraria from Eli Lilly and Company, Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Glaxo Wellcome Inc., and Organon Inc.; and is a member of the speaker's bureau/advisory boards for Eli Lilly and Company and Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories;

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Dr. Sackeim has received research grant support from Pfizer Inc, Forest Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Cyberonics, Inc., and Magstim Corporation.

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Dr. Rush has received research grant support from Abbott Laboratories, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Cyberonics, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Forest Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Parke-Davis, Glaxo Wellcome Inc., Janssen Pharmaceutica, L.P., Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Meadows Foundation, National Institute of Mental Health, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Organon Inc., Pfizer Inc, Pharmacia Corporation, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Stanley Foundation, Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, and Zeneca Pharmaceuticals; is a consultant for Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Cyberonics, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Forest Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Parke-Davis, Glaxo Wellcome Inc., Janssen Pharmaceutica, L.P., Merck & Co., Inc., Mitsubishi Chemical America, Inc., National Institute of Mental Health, Organon Inc., Pfizer Inc., Pharmacia Corporation, Stanley Foundation, Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, and Yamanouchi U.S.A Inc.; and is a member of the speaker's bureau for Abbott Laboratories, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Cyberonics, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Forest Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Parke-Davis, Glaxo Wellcome Inc., Organon Inc., Pfizer Inc., Pharmacia Corporation, and Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories.

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Dr. Fava has received research support and honoraria from Eli Lilly and Company, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer Inc, Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Organon Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Pharmacia Corporation, Glaxo Wellcome Inc., and Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; has received honoraria from Forest Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Janssen Pharmaceutica, L.P., Lundbeck, Knoll Pharmaceuticals, Parke-Davis, and Somerset Pharmaceuticals; and has received research support from Abbott Laboratories, Roche Pharmaceuticals, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Pharmavite Corporation, Lorex Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Synthelabo Pharmaceuticals, and Litchwer Pharma GMbH.

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Dr. Marangell has received research grant support from Eli Lilly and Company, Martek Biosciences Corporation, Cyberonics, Inc., and Abbott Laboratories; is a consultant for Pfizer Inc, Eli Lilly and Company, Parke-Davis, Forest Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Glaxo Wellcome Inc., and Janssen Pharmaceutica, L.P.; and has received honoraria from Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Abbott Laboratories, Pfizer Inc, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Parke-Davis, Glaxo Wellcome Inc., Forest Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and Cyberonics, Inc.

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Dr. Thase is a consultant for Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Eli Lilly and Company, Forest Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Glaxo Wellcome Inc./Cerenex Pharmaceuticals, Merck & Co., Inc., Organon Inc., Pfizer Inc, Pharmacia Corporation, and Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories; has received research grant support from Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Merck & Co., Inc., Organon Inc., Pharmacia Corporation, and Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories; and is a member of the speaker's bureau for Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Eli Lilly and Company, Forest Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Glaxo Wellcome Inc./Cerenex Pharmaceuticals, Organon Inc., Parke-Davis, Pfizer Inc, Pharmacia Corporation, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories.

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Dr. Trivedi has received research grant support from Abbott Laboratories, Bayer Corporation Pharmaceutical Division, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Forest Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Glaxo Wellcome Inc., Johnson & Johnson - Merck Consumer Pharmaceuticals Co., Eli Lilly and Company, Mead Johnson, Parke-Davis, Pfizer Inc, Pharmacia Corporation, Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, and Organon Inc.; and is a member of the speaker's bureau/advisory boards for Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Pharmacia Corporation, Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories.

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Dr. Buse has received grant support from Pfizer, Aventis, Novo-Nordisk, Takeda Pharmaceuticals America, Lilly, Bristol-Myers, GlaxoSmithKline, Insmed, and Novartis; has received honoraria from and/or is a member of the speaker's bureau for Lilly, Takeda Pharmaceuticals America, Bristol-Myers, Pfizer, Aventis, Pharmacia, GlaxoSmithKline, and Novartis; is a consultant for Takeda Pharmaceuticals America, Lilly, TheraSense, Cygnus, and GlaxoSmithKline; and is a stock shareholder in TheraSense.

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Dr. Aquila is a consultant and member of the speakers or advisory board for and has received grant/research support and honoraria from Lilly.

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Dr. Piepho is a consultant for Lilly and Sepracor; has received honoraria from Wyeth and Forest; and is a major stockholder for Bristol Meyers, Pfizer, and King Pharmaceuticals

Dr. Caroff has no significant commercial relationships to disclose relative to his presentation.

Dr. Maguire is a consultant for Lilly; has received research grant support from Lilly and Robert Wood Johnson; and is a member of the speakers/advisory board for Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, and Lilly.

David J. Kupfer, M.D., Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Penn., is a member of the advisory board for Pfizer, Lilly, and Forest.

Robert L. Findling, M.D., Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Ohio, has been funded in part and has been a consultant and member of the speakers bureau for NIMH, NICHD, Stanley Foundation, American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, NARSAD, St. Luke’s Foundation of Cleveland, Ohio, Janssen, Lilly, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers, Wyeth-Ayerst, Medeva, Layton Biosciences, Pfizer, Shire, Somerset, Organon, GlaxoSmithKline, Forest, Abbott, and Solvay.

Barbara Geller, M.D., Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, Mo., has no significant commercial relationships to disclose relative to the presentation.

S. Nassir Ghaemi, M.D., Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Hospital, Mass., has received research grant support from Janssen, AstraZeneca, Novartis,and Abbott; has received honoraria from Janssen, Abbott, GlaxoSmithKline, Forest, Lilly, and AstraZeneca; and is a member of the speakers/advisory board for Janssen, GlaxoSmithKline, and AstraZeneca.

Mark H. Pollack, M.D., Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, has received honoraria from Bristol-Myers and Forest and has received honoraria and is a consultant for Lilly, Parke-Davis, Pfizer, SmithKline, Solvay, and Wyeth-Ayerst.

Kathleen T. Brady, M.D., Ph.D., Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, has received research grant support and honoraria from and is a consultant and member of the speakers/advisory board for Pfizer, Abbott, Bristol-Myers, Parke-Davis, Lilly, and GlaxoSmithKline.

Randall D. Marshall, M.D., New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, is a consultant for Wyeth-Ayerst; has received research grant support from GlaxoSmithKline; and has received honoraria from and is a member of the speakers/advisory board for Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, and Bristol-Myers.

Rachel Yehuda, Ph.D., Bronx VA Medical Center, New York, is a consultant for Novartis; has received research grant support from GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Wyeth-Ayerst, and Pfizer; has received honoraria from GlaxoSmithKline; and is a member of the speakers/advisory board for Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, and Bristol-Myers.

Dr. Bowden, M.D. has received grant/research support from Abbott, Bristol-Myers, Glaxo, Janssen, Lilly, the National Institute of Mental Health, Parke-Davis, Robert Wood Johnson, SmithKline, and the Stanley Foundation; is a consultant for Abbott, Glaxo, Janssen, Lilly, Sanofi-Synthelabo, and UCB Pharma; and is a member of the speakers bureau for Abbott, AstraZeneca, Glaxo, Janssen, Lilly, and Pfizer.

Dr. Calabrese, M.D. is a consultant for Abbott, AstraZeneca, Elan, Lilly, Glaxo, Janssen, Novartis, Parke-Davis, Robert Wood Johnson, Shire, SmithKline, TAP, Teva, and UCB Pharma; and has received grant/research support from the National Institute of Mental Health, Abbott, Ciba-Geigy, E. Merck, Forest, Glaxo, Lilly, MacArthur Foundation, National Alliance for Research in Schizophrenia and Affective Disorders, Parke-Davis, Robert Wood Johnson, Sandoz, SmithKline, Stanley Foundation, TAP, UCB Pharma, and Wyeth.

Dr. Goodwin, M.D. is a consultant for GlaxoSmithKline, Solvay, Lilly, and Pfizer; has received grant/research support from Solvay; has received honoraria from GlaxoSmithKline, Bristol-Myers, Abbott, Solvay, Lilly, and Pfizer; and is a member of the speakers/advisory board for GlaxoSmithKline, Solvay, and Lilly.

Dr. Keck, Jr., M.D. is a consultant for Abbott, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers, Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Pfizer, and Wyeth; and has received grant/research support from AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers, Elan, Pfizer, and Organon.

Dr. Kusumakar, M.D. is a consultant for GlaxoSmithKline.

Dr. Suppes, M.D., Ph.D. has received research grant support from Bristol-Myers, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, National Institute of Mental Health, Novartis, Robert Wood Johnson, and the Stanley Foundation; and is a consultant for Abbott, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers, Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Pfizer, and Pharmaceutical Research Institute.

Michael E. Thase, M.D., chair, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Penn., is a consultant for Bristol-Myers, Cephalon, Cyberonics, Lilly, Forest, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Organon, Pfizer, Pharmacia & Upjohn, and Wyeth; has received research grant support from Cyberonics, Pharmacia & Upjohn, and Wyeth; and is a member of the speakers bureau for Bristol-Myers, Lilly, Forest, GlaxoSmithKline, Organon, Pfizer, Pharmacia & Upjohn, Solvay, and Wyeth.

Paul E. Keck, Jr., M.D., Division of Psychopharmacology Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio, is a consultant for Abbott, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers, Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Pfizer, Ortho-McNeil, Shire, and Wyeth; and has received research grant support from Abbott, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers, Merck, and Pfizer.

J. Craig Nelson, M.D., Professor of Psychiatry, Director of Geriatric Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, has received honoraria from Abbott, Bristol-Myers, Lilly, Forest, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Organon, Pfizer, Pharmacia, and Wyeth; is a consultant for Abbott, Bristol-Myers, Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Organon, Pfizer, and Pharmacia; and has received research support from Bristol-Myers, Lilly, Forest, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Organon, and Pfizer.

Alan F. Schatzberg, M.D., Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif., is a consultant for Corcept Therapeutics, Lilly, Bristol-Myers, Janssen, Mallinckrodt, Wyeth, Aventis, GlaxoSmithKline, and Merck; has received research grant support and honoraria from and is a member of the speakers boards of Lilly, Wyeth, and Bristol-Myers; is a major stock shareholder with Merck, Corcept Therapeutics, and Pfizer; and receives other financial or material support from Stanford patents.

J. Sloan Manning, M.D., Department of Family Medicine, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Memphis, is a consultant for Bristol-Myers and Lilly; has received research grant support from Lilly; and is a member of the speakers boards of Lilly and Wyeth.

Charles B. Nemeroff, M.D., Ph.D., has received research or grant support from Abbott, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers, Forest, Janssen, Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, the National Alliance for Schizophrenia and Depression, the National Institute of Mental Health, Pfizer, the Stanley Foundation/National Alliance for the Mentally Ill, and Wyeth; is a consultant for Abbott, Acadia Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers, Cephalon, Corcept, Cypress Biosciences, Cyberonics, Forest, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Lilly, Merck, Mindsense, Neurocrine Biosciences, Novartis, Organon, Otsuka, Pharmacia & Upjohn, Sanofi-Synthelabo, Somerset, Vela Pharmaceuticals, and Wyeth; is a member of the speakers bureaus of Abbott, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers, Lilly, Forest, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Organon, Pfizer, and Wyeth; and is a stockholder in Corcept.

C. Lindsay DeVane, Pharm.D., has received research or grant support from Wyeth and Lilly, and is a member of the speakers or advisory boards of GlaxoSmithKline, Forest, and Lilly.

Robert M. A. Hirschfeld, M.D., has received research or grant support from Abbott, Bristol-Myers, GlaxoSmithKline, Organon, and Wyeth; is a consultant to or member of the advisory boards of Abbott, Bristol-Myers, GlaxoSmithKline, Forest, Lilly, Pfizer, Organon, Janssen, Wyeth, Sepracor, and Novartis; and is a member of the speakers bureaus of Abbott, Bristol-Myers, Forest, Lilly, Organon, and Pfizer.

Clinton D. Kilts, Ph.D., is a consultant to and a member of the advisory or speakers board of GlaxoSmithKline.

Michael E. Thase, M.D., is a consultant to Bristol-Myers, Cephalon, Cyberonics, Lilly, Forest, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Organon, Pfizer, Pharmacia & Upjohn, and Wyeth; has received grant or research support from Cyberonics, Pharmacia & Upjohn, and Wyeth; and is a member of the speakers bureaus of Bristol-Myers, Lilly, Forest, GlaxoSmithKline, Organon, Pfizer, Pharmacia & Upjohn, Solvay, and Wyeth.

Kimberly A. Yonkers, M.D., has received grant or research support from Berlex Laboratories, Pherin Pharmaceuticals, Lilly, and GlaxoSmithKline; is a member of the speakers bureaus of Lilly, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, and Wyeth; and is a consultant to Lilly, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Wyeth, and Berlex Laboratories.

Dr. Meltzer is a consultant for Novartis, Pfizer, Janssen, and Bristol-Myers Squibb; has received grant/research support from Novartis, Pfizer, Janssen, Eli Lilly, AstraZeneca, and Bristol-Myers Squibb; has received honoraria from Pfizer, Janssen, and Eli Lilly; and is a member of the speakers/advisory boards of Pfizer, Janssen, Eli Lilly, and Solvay.

Dr. Conley is a consultant for AstraZeneca, Aventis, Thai Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, and Zenith Goldline; has received grant/research support from AstraZeneca, Janssen, Eli Lilly, Zenith Goldline, and Novartis; and has received honoraria from Eli Lilly, Janssen, AstraZeneca, Aventis, Novartis, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Thai Otsuka Pharmaceuticals.

Dr. de Leo is a member of the speakers/advisory boards of Griffith University.

Dr. Green has received grant/research support from Novartis, Janssen, Eli Lilly, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Thai Otsuka Pharmaceuticals; has received honoraria from Novartis, Janssen, and AstraZeneca; and is a member of the speakers/advisory boards for Eli Lilly, Janssen, and Novartis.

Dr. Kane is a consultant for, has received honoraria from, and is a member of the speakers/advisory boards for Janssen, Abbott, Pfizer, Novartis, Organon, AstraZeneca, and Bristol-Myers Squibb.

Dr. Knesevich has no financial relationships to disclose that are significant to this publication.

Dr. Lieberman is a consultant for and has received grant/research support from Pharmacia, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Pfizer, and AstraZeneca; has received grant/research support from Hoechst; and is a member of the speakers bureaus for Eli Lilly and Janssen.

Dr. Lindenmayer is a consultant for Janssen, Eli Lilly, and Abbott; has received grant/research support from Janssen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, and Eli Lilly; and is a member of the speakers/advisory boards for Janssen, Eli Lilly, Abbott, and Bristol-Myers Squibb.

Dr. Potkin is a consultant for ACADIA Pharmaceuticals, Arena Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Janssen, Novartis, Organon, Otsuka, Pfizer, and Praecis Pharmaceuticals; has received grant/research support from Arena Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Forest, Janssen, Novartis, Organon, Otsuka, Pfizer, and Sanofi-Synthelabo; and is a member of the speakers bureaus for AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, and Pfizer.

Dr. Stahl has received grant/research support from Asahi, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cephalon, Cypress Bioscience, Pierre Fabre, Eli Lilly, Forest, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Lundbeck, Organon, Parke-Davis, Pfizer, Pharmacia, Sanofi-Synthelabo, Solvay, Watson, Wyeth, and Yamanouchi; is a consultant for and has received honoraria from Asahi, Abbott, AstraZeneca, Aventis, Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cephalon, Cypress Bioscience, Eli Lilly, Pierre Fabre, Forest, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Lorex, Lundbeck, Neurocrine, Novartis, Organon, Parke-Davis, Pfizer, Pharmacia, Roche, Sanao, Sanofi-Synthelabo, Searle, Solvay, Sumitomo, Takeda Abbott, Watson, Wyeth, and Yamanouchi; and is a member of the speakers bureau for AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cephalon, Eli Lilly, Forest, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Lundbeck, Organon, Parke-Davis, Pfizer, Pharmacia, Sanofi-Synthelabo, Solvay, Watson, and Wyeth.

Dr. Alexopoulos has received grant/research support from Cephalon and Forest; has received honoraria from Cephalon; and is a member of the speakers/advisory board for Forest.

Dr. Doghramji has received grant/research support from Merck, GlaxoSmithKline, Cephalon, and Sanofi-Synthelabo.

Dr. Fava has received research support from Aspect Medical Systems, Abbott, Roche, Lorex, Litchwer Pharma GmbH, and Pfizer; has received honoraria from Bayer AG, Janssen, Lundbeck, Knoll, Parke-Davis, and Somerset Pharmaceuticals; and has received research support and honoraria from GlaxoSmithKline, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Pharmacia, Wyeth, Organon, Pharmavite, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, Sanofi-Synthelabo, Solvay, Forest, and Cephalon.

Dr. Swanson is a consultant for, has received grant/research support and honoraria from, and is a member of the speakers/advisory boards for McNeil, Novartis, Celltech, Shire, Eli Lilly, Cephalon, Gliatech, Janssen, and Alza.

Dr. Lieberman is a consultant for Abbott, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Forest, Janssen, Pfizer, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Synthelabo, Organon, Cephalon, and Eli Lilly.