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Available Brainstorms
Brainstorms, written by Stephen M. Stahl, MD, PhD, is a feature of The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry aimed at providing updates of novel concepts emerging from the neurosciences that have relevance to practicing psychiatrists.
2010
The Serotonin-7 Receptor as a Novel Therapeutic Target. November 2010
Illustrating the Circuits of Sexual Desire. September 2010
Targeting Circuits of Sexual Desire as a Treatment Strategy for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder. July 2010
Circuits of Sexual Desire in Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder. May 2010
Mechanism of Action of α2A-Adrenergic Agonists in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder With or Without Oppositional Symptoms. March 2010
Mechanism of Action of Stimulants in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. January 2010
2009
Combining Antidepressant Therapies From the Initiation of Treatment: A Paradigm Shift for Major Depression. November 2009
Epigenetics and Methylomics in Psychiatry. September 2009
The Prefrontal Cortex Is Out of Tune in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. July 2009
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Norepinephrine and Dopamine Regulate Signals and Noise in the Prefrontal Cortex. May 2009
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Vasomotor Symptoms and Depression in Women, Part 2: Treatments That Cause Remission and Prevent Relapses of Major Depressive Episodes Overlap With Treatments for Vasomotor Symptoms. March 2009
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Vasomotor Symptoms and Depression in Women, Part 1: Role of Vasomotor Symptoms in Signaling the Onset or Relapse of a Major Depressive Episode. January 2009
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2008
The Sigma Enigma: Can Sigma Receptors Provide a Novel Target for Disorders of Mood and Cognition? November 2008
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l-Methylfolate: A Vitamin for Your Monoamines. September 2008
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2005
Is Psychopharmacologic "Inoculation" Effective in Preventing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder? January 2005
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2004
Preemptive Analgesia: Is Pain Less Costly When You Pre-Pay For It? December 2004
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Prophylactic Antipsychotics: Do They Keep You From Catching Schizophrenia? November 2004
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Drug Combinations for Bipolar Spectrum Disorders: Evidence-Based Prescribing or Prescribing-Based Evidence? October 2004
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Psychopharmacology of Anticonvulsants: Levetiracetam as a Synaptic Vesicle Protein Modulator. September 2004
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Mechanism of Action of α2δ Ligands: Voltage Sensitive Calcium Channel (VSCC) Modulators. August 2004
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Mechanism of Action of Voltage Sensitive Sodium Channel Modulators. July 2004
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Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers and Adjuncts to Antipsychotics: Valproate, Lamotrigine, Carbamazepine, Oxcarbazepine and Actions at Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels. June 2004
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Anticonvulsants and the Relief of Chronic Pain: Pregabalin and Gabapentin as α2δ Ligands at Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels. May 2004
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Anticonvulsants as Anxiolytics, Part 2: Pregabalin and Gabapentin as α2δ Ligands at Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels. April 2004
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Anticonvulsants as Anxiolytics, Part 1: Tiagabine and Other Anticonvulsants With Actions on GABA. March 2004
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Psychopharmacology of Anticonvulsants: Do All Anticonvulsants Have the Same Mechanism of Action? February 2004
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Symptoms and Circuits, Part 3: Schizophrenia. January 2004
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2003
Symptoms and Circuits, Part 2: Anxiety Disorders, December 2003
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Symptoms and Circuits, Part 1: Major Depressive Disorder. November 2003
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Deconstructing Psychiatric Disorders, Part 2: An Emerging, Neurobiologically Based Therapeutic Strategy for the Modern Psychopharmacologist. October 2003
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Deconstructing Psychiatric Disorders, Part 1: Genotypes, Symptom Phenotypes, and Endophenotypes. September 2003
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Here Today and Not Gone Tomorrow: The Curse of Chronic Pain and Other Central Sensitization Syndromes. August 2003
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Antidepressants and Somatic Symptoms: Therapeutic Actions Are Expanding Beyond Affective Spectrum Disorders to Functional Somatic Syndromes. July 2003
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The Ups and Downs of Novel Antiemetic Drugs, Part 2: An Illustration. June 2003
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The Ups and Downs of Novel Antiemetic Drugs, Part 1: Substance P, 5-HT, and the Neuropharmacology of Vomiting. May 2003
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At Long Last, Long-Lasting Psychiatric Medications: An Overview of Controlled-Release Technologies. April 2003
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Neurotransmission of Cognition, Part 3: Mechanism of Action of Selective NRIs: Both Dopamine and Norepinephrine Increase in Prefrontal Cortex. March 2003
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Neurotransmission of Cognition, Part 2: Selective NRIs Are Smart Drugs: Exploiting Regionally Selective Actions on Both Dopamine and Norepinephrine to Enhance Cognition. February 2003
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Neurotransmission of Cognition, Part 1: Dopamine Is a Hitchhiker in Frontal Cortex: Norepinephrine Transporters Regulate Dopamine. January 2003
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2002
"The Metabolic Syndrome": Psychopharmacologists Should Weigh the Evidence for Weighing the Patient. December 2002
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Can Psychopharmacologic Treatments That Relieve Symptoms Also Prevent Disease Progression? November 2002
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Independent Actions on Fear Circuits May Lead to Therapeutic Synergy for Anxiety When Combining Serotonergic and GABAergic Agents. October 2002
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Don't Ask, Don't Tell, but Benzodiazepines Are Still the Leading Treatments for Anxiety Disorder. September 2002
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Mirror, Mirror on the Wall, Which Enantiomer Is Fairest of Them All? August 2002
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Psychopharmacology of Wakefulness: Pathways and Neurotransmitters. July 2002
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Awakening to the Psychopharmacology of Sleep and Arousal: Novel Neurotransmitters and Wake-Promoting Drugs. June 2002
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The Psychopharmacology of Painful Physical Symptoms in Depression. May 2002
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Does Depression Hurt? April 2002
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Selective Actions on Sleep or Anxiety by Exploiting GABA-A/Benzodiazepine Receptor Subtypes. March 2002
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Antipsychotic Polypharmacy: Squandering Precious Resources? February 2002
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The Psychopharmacology of Energy and Fatigue. January 2002
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2001
Dopamine System Stabilizers, Aripiprazole, and the Next Generation of Antipsychotics, Part 2: Illustrating Their Mechanism of Action. December 2001
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Dopamine System Stabilizers, Aripiprazole, and the Next Generation of Antipsychotics, Part 1: "Goldilocks" Actions at Dopamine Receptors. November 2001
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"Hit-and-Run" Actions at Dopamine Receptors, Part 2: Illustrating Fast Dissociation From Dopamine Receptors That Typifies Atypical Antipsychotics. October 2001
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"Hit-and-Run" Actions at Dopamine Receptors, Part 1: Mechanism of Action of Atypical Antipsychotics. September 2001
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Gut Feelings About Irritable Bowel Syndrome. August 2001
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Fibromyalgia: The Enigma and the Stigma. July 2001
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Natural Estrogen as an Antidepressant for Women. June 2001
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Effects of Estrogen on the Central Nervous System. May 2001
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Why Drugs and Hormones May Interact in Psychiatric Disorders. April 2001
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The Psychopharmacology of Sex, Part 2: Effects of Drugs and Disease on the 3 Phases of Human Sexual Response. March 2001
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The Psychopharmacology of Sex, Part 1: Neurotransmitters and the 3 Phases of the Human Sexual Response. February 2001
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Does Evidence From Clinical Trials in Psychopharmacology Apply in Clinical Practice? January 2001
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2000
New Drug Discovery in the Postgenomic Era: From Genomics to Proteomics. December 2000
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The New Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease, Part 2: Illustrating Their Mechanisms of Action. November 2000
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The New Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease, Part 1: Their Similarities Are Different. October 2000
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Paying Attention to Your Acetylcholine, Part 2: The Function of Nicotinic Receptors. September 2000
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Paying Attention to Your Acetylcholine, Part 1: Structural Organization of Nicotinic Receptors. August 2000
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The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Psychopharmacologists, Part 4: Developing and Implementing the Vision. July 2000
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The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Psychopharmacologists, Part 3: Sharpen the Saw With Selective Choices of Continuing Medical Education Programs. June 2000
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The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Psychopharmacologists, Part 2: Begin With the End in Mind. May 2000
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The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Psychopharmacologists: Overview. April 2000
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Blue Genes and the Mechanism of Action of Antidepressants. March 2000
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Blue Genes and the Monoamine Hypothesis of Depression. February 2000
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Molecular Neurobiology for Practicing Psychiatrists, Part 5: How a Leucine Zipper Can Turn On Genes: Immediate-Early Genes Activate Late-Gene Expression in the Brain. January 2000
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1999
Molecular Neurobiology for Practicing Psychiatrists, Part 4: Transferring the Message of Chemical Neurotransmission From Presynaptic Neurotransmitter to Postsynaptic Gene Expression. December 1999
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Molecular Neurobiology for Practicing Psychiatrists, Part 3: How Second Messengers "Turn On" Genes by Activating Protein Kinases and Transcription Factors. November 1999
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Molecular Neurobiology for Practicing Psychiatrists, Part 2: How Neurotransmitters Activate Second Messenger Systems. October 1999
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Molecular Neurobiology for Practicing Psychiatrists, Part 1: Overview of Gene Activation by Neurotransmitters. September 1999
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Antipsychotic Polypharmacy, Part 2: Tips on Use and Misuse. August 1999
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Antipsychotic Polypharmacy, Part 1: Therapeutic Option or Dirty Little Secret? July 1999
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Antidepressants: The Blue-Chip Psychotropic for the Modern Treatment of Anxiety Disorders. June 1999
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Mergers and Acquisitions Among Psychotropics: Antidepressant Takeover of Anxiety May Now Be Complete. May 1999
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Why Settle for Silver, When You Can Go for Gold? Response vs. Recovery as the Goal of Antidepressant Therapy. April 1999
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Peptides and Psychiatry, Part 3: Substance P and Serendipity: Novel Psychotropics Are a Possibility. March 1999
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Substance P and the Neurokinins: Novel Peptide Neurotransmitters in Psychopharmacology. February 1999
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Peptides and Psychiatry, Part 1: How Synthesis of Neuropeptides Differs From Classical Neurotransmitter Synthesis. January 1999
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1998
Using Secondary Binding Properties to Select a Not So Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor. December 1998
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Getting Stoned Without Inhaling: Anandamide Is the Brain's Natural Marijuana. November 1998
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How to Appease the Appetite of Psychotropic Drugs. October 1998
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Neuropharmacology of Obesity: My Receptors Made Me Eat It. September 1998
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What Makes an Antipsychotic Atypical?. August 1998
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Not So Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. July 1998
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When Neurotrophic Factors Get on Your Nerves: Therapy for Neurodegenerative Disorders. June 1998
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Recognition Molecules Are Trailblazers for Axon Pathways. May 1998
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Brain Tonics for Brain Sprouts: How Neurotrophic Factors Fertilize Neurons. April 1998
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Nitric Oxide Physiology and Pharmacology. March 1998
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How Psychiatrists Can Build New Therapies for Impotence. February 1998
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Brain Fumes: Yes, We Have NO Brain Gas. 1998
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1997
Serotonin: It's Possible to Have Too Much of a Good Thing. December 1997
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Sex Therapy in Psychiatric Treatment Has a New Partner: Reproductive Hormones. November 1997
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Estrogen Makes the Brain a Sex Organ. October 1997
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"Awakening" From Schizophrenia: Intramolecular Polypharmacy and the Atypical Antipsychotics. September 1997
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Are Two Antidepressant Mechanisms Better Than One? August 1997
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Mental Illness May Be Damaging to Your Brain. July 1997
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Excitotoxicity and Neuroprotection. June 1997
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Apoptosis: Neuronal Death by Design. May 1997
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