• Periods of initiation and change of antidepressant treatment are critical periods with regard to the risk of road traffic crash.
• Prescribers should warn their patients about this risk.

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• Incidence of depression during interferon-alpha and ribavirin treatment is substantial; 1 out of 4 patients with chronic hepatitis C who start antiviral treatment will develop an induced major depressive episode.
• Baseline levels of interleukin-6, female gender, history of depression or psychiatric disorder, subthreshold depressive symptoms, and low educational level are predictive variables of interferon-induced depression.
• Before starting antiviral treatment, clinicians should assess patients at risk of developing interferon-induced depression. During the treatment, a comprehensive assessment and management of depression must be performed.

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• The study confirms an association between Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and nonfatal suicidal self-directed violence, the most important predictor of fatal suicidal self-directed violence.
• A positive association between T gondii seropositivity and higher scores on the self-rated Suicide Assessment Scale, previously reported to predict subsequent suicidal behavior, emphasizes the need for further research to confirm the prognostic role of testing for T gondii in patients at risk for suicide and to consider this widespread neurotropic infection, in concert with other suicide risk factors, as a target for prophylaxis and treatment.

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• Individual single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variations in DRD2 and HTR2C showed significant associations with weight gain in patients with diagnoses other than schizophrenia treated with olanzapine. These variants may prove useful for individualized medicine and the development of new medications with a lower risk of treatment-emergent adverse events.
• Weight gain with second-generation antipsychotics has been associated with variants in the ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 gene, the adjacent dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2), and the serotonin 2C receptor gene (HTR2C) in patients with schizophrenia.
• In a cohort of patients with other diagnoses, weight change during olanzapine treatment was associated with 3 HTR2C SNPs, including Cys23Ser, in females and with a DRD2 SNP in all patients.

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• There is a substantial incremental benefit of active treatment over placebo in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
• Patient characteristics, such as knowledge about the disorder, age, and educational level, may affect placebo response in ADHD.
• Further research in ADHD, such as meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis of placebo response in placebo-controlled trials, would be valuable.

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• Severe intraoperative events did not occur in users of the irreversible MAOI tranylcypromine or the reversible MAO-A inhibitor moclobemide who continued their antidepressant treatment in the perioperative period.
• The current observations suggest that there is no longer much justification to discontinue these MAOIs before surgery, with the considerable risk of compromising patients’ psychiatric status.
• When in an individual patient there still is doubt about the continuation of an MAOI, consultation among anesthesiologist, psychiatrist, and surgeon is indicated in order to balance the potential risks of anesthesia against the psychiatric complications of drug withdrawal.

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• Veterans who screen positive for a combat-related concussion and persistent postconcussive symptoms should be screened for posttraumatic stress disorder.
• Posttraumatic stress disorder treatments that target dysphoric arousal and emotional numbing symptoms may help improve physical and mental health–related quality of life, respectively.
• Clinicians should assess, treat, and monitor the psychological sequelae of combat-related concussion among veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom, Iraqi Freedom, and New Dawn.

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• Depression co-occurring with obesity is a common clinical presentation associated with significant morbidity.
• The heterogeneity of both depression and obesity makes it difficult to establish mechanisms of disease in these patients.
• The atypical subtype of depression has a much closer relationship with obesity than classic melancholic depression and should be a priority focus for work in the area of depression and obesity comorbidity.

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• In our sample, 7.3% of the elderly general population reported suicidal ideation within the last 2 weeks. This prevalence is comparable to the findings of other population-based studies.
• Suicidal ideation was positively associated with number of traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but this finding seems due to comorbid depressive symptoms.
• To address suicidal ideation, it seems worthwhile to assess depressive symptoms in people with traumatic experiences and PTSD.

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• More than half of clinically stable schizophrenia patients taking risperidone long-acting injectable (LAI) did not show continuous blockade of dopamine D2 receptors > 65%.
• Sustained dopamine D2 receptor occupancy levels of ≥ 65% may not be necessary for maintenance treatment with risperidone LAI in schizophrenia.
• Optimizing the dosing and/or dosing intervals of antipsychotics could maximize effectiveness while reducing risk of side effects.

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