• Some antidepressants inhibit the metabolism of some β-blockers.
• Bradycardia and hypotension, heart block, or other dose-dependent adverse effects may occur in vulnerable patients as a result of these interactions.
• Strategies include prescribing an antidepressant that does not affect the metabolism of the β-blocker in use, or prescribing a β-blocker that is not metabolized by the antidepressant in use.
• If the interaction is unavoidable, the β-blocker dose can be down-titrated using heart rate and blood pressure as a guide.

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• Clinicians should be aware that certain second-generation antipsychotics (olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone) recommended for first-line monotherapy in bipolar disorder are associated with risk of pneumonia.
• Lithium has a dose-dependent protective effect against pneumonia and valproic acid shows no risk, which provides evidence for use of both drugs as first-line treatments.
• Patients with bipolar disorder on combination therapy deserve special clinical attention, particularly those receiving olanzapine plus carbamazepine, or clozapine plus valproic acid, as their risks for pneumonia are high.

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• This is the first naturalistic outcome study of psychopharmacologically treated adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) after more than 4 years of observation.
• Among participants, a majority reported current pharmacologic treatment for ADHD. Adults with ADHD treated for more than 24 months reported more favorable outcome compared to those treated for 24 months or less.
• Comorbidity at baseline predicted poorer outcome.

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• Substance-induced psychotic disorders predict schizophrenia spectrum disorders to a greater extent than previously thought.
• More emphasis should be put on provision of clinical follow-up for those patients who have been treated for a diagnosis of substance-induced psychosis.

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• This article describes the first large, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of quetiapine monotherapy in youth with bipolar I disorder with manic episodes.
• Quetiapine for 3 weeks at fixed doses of 400 or 600 mg/d was associated with significantly greater improvements in YMRS total score (the primary efficacy measure) compared with placebo, with a rapid onset of effect.
• Adverse events associated with quetiapine were consistent with its profile in adults with bipolar disorder. The most common adverse events in quetiapine-treated patients included somnolence, sedation, dizziness, and headache.
• The large population size studied and the broad range of efficacy and safety measures that were investigated support a role for this study in informing clinical practice.

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• Compared to bipolar youth with prominent elation symptoms, youth who are diagnosed with bipolar disorder on the basis of episodic irritability experience a similar clinical course but may be at greater risk for depression.
• Future research on irritability and elation in pediatric bipolar disorder would be aided by more precise assessment of covariation in irritability and elation during and between major mood episodes.
• Improved characterization of distinct illness courses may enhance the identification and utility of emerging genetic and neuroimaging markers and facilitate development of targeted treatments.

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