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Background: Until recently, gender differences in depression, which have been documented for many years, were imagined to be insignificant to treatment selection. 

Method: Gender differences in the prevalence, presentation, etiology, and antidepressant treatment of depressive disorders are reviewed in this article. 

Results: One of the most replicated findings in epidemiology is the high female to male sex ratio in the prevalence of depression, especially during the reproductive years. Women more often have a seasonal component and anxious and atypical depression. Psychological, neurochemical, anatomic, hormonal, genetic, and personality factors have been proposed as explanations for the differences. Gender differences in antidepressant treatment response have not been found consistently.