Olaf M. Dekkers, MD, PhD

Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

JCP
Placebo Effects in Alcohol, Cocaine, and Methamphetamine Use Disorder
Meta-Analysis

June 10, 2026

Placebo treatment led to reductions in craving scores across all three disorders, although statistical significance was achieved only in alcohol use disorder.
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