Optimizing Clinical Outcomes Across Domains of Life in Adolescents and Adults With ADHD

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Although attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has often been viewed as a childhood disorder, the prevalence of ADHD in adults is estimated to be 4.4% based on recent epidemiologic data. ADHD that persists into adolescence and adulthood is associated with significant impairment in multiple domains of life, including academic and occupational performance, interpersonal relationships, driving, and financial and legal issues. Yet, this disabling disorder is frequently missed by clinicians. This article provides guidance for clinicians on how to recognize and assess ADHD in adolescents and adults and on the use of screening tools and rating scales. It also presents an overview of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment strategies and discusses how to design treatment regimens targeted to the specific patient’s pattern of impairment.