Statin Use and Risk of Depression in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease: Longitudinal Data From the Heart and Soul Study
Christian Otte, MD; Shoujun Zhao, PhD; and Mary A. Whooley, MD
Background: Statins are among the most commonly prescribed medications worldwide. Although their benefits for cardiovascular disease are well established, the effects of statins on depressive symptoms are unknown.
Method: We examined the association between baseline statin use (2000–2002) and subsequent depressive symptoms in a prospective cohort study of 965 outpatients with coronary disease from 12 outpatient clinics in the San Francisco Bay Area. Depressive symptoms were assessed annually for 6 years using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) (primary outcome measure). We evaluated the cross-sectional association between statin use and risk of depressive symptoms at baseline and the longitudinal association between baseline statin use and risk of depressive symptoms during follow-up.
Results: Of the 965 participants, 629 (65%) used statins. At baseline, statin users had lower mean ± SE PHQ depression scores than nonusers (4.8 ± 0.2 vs 5.9 ± 0.3, P < .01). Statin users were less likely than nonusers to have depression (PHQ score ≥ 10) at baseline (17% vs 24%; P = .02) and during follow-up (28% vs 40%; P < .01). Among the 776 patients without depressive symptoms at baseline (PHQ < 10), statin use was associated with a 48% decreased odds of developing depression during follow-up (odds ratio [OR], 0.52; 95% CI, 0.38–0.73; P < .01). After we adjusted for potentially confounding variables, statin use remained associated with a 38% decreased odds of subsequent depression (adjusted OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.41–0.95; P = .02).
Conclusions: We found that statin use was associated with a decreased risk of subsequent depressive symptoms in patients with coronary heart disease. Whether use of statins prevents depressive symptoms deserves further study.
J Clin Psychiatry 2012; 73(5): 610-615
© Copyright 2012 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.
J Clin Psychiatry 2012;73(5):610-615
https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.11m07038
© Copyright 2012 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.
Manage Subscriptions
/_layouts/images/ReportServer/Manage_Subscription.gif
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/ManageSubscriptions.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x80
0x0
FileType
rdl
350
Manage Data Sources
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/DataSourceList.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x20
FileType
rdl
351
Manage Shared Datasets
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/DatasetList.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x20
FileType
rdl
352
Manage Parameters
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/ParameterList.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x4
FileType
rdl
353
Manage Processing Options
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/ReportExecution.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x4
FileType
rdl
354
Manage Cache Refresh Plans
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/CacheRefreshPlanList.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x4
FileType
rdl
355
View Report History
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/ReportHistory.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x40
FileType
rdl
356
View Dependent Items
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/DependentItems.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x4
FileType
rsds
350
Edit Data Source Definition
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/SharedDataSource.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x4
FileType
rsds
351
View Dependent Items
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/DependentItems.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x4
FileType
smdl
350
Manage Clickthrough Reports
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/ModelClickThrough.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x4
FileType
smdl
352
Manage Model Item Security
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/ModelItemSecurity.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x2000000
FileType
smdl
353
Regenerate Model
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/GenerateModel.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x4
FileType
smdl
354
Manage Data Sources
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/DataSourceList.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x20
FileType
smdl
351
Load in Report Builder
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/RSAction.aspx?RSAction=ReportBuilderModelContext&list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x2
FileType
smdl
250
Edit in Report Builder
/_layouts/images/ReportServer/EditReport.gif
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/RSAction.aspx?RSAction=ReportBuilderReportContext&list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x4
FileType
rdl
250
Edit in Report Builder
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/RSAction.aspx?RSAction=ReportBuilderDatasetContext&list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x4
FileType
rsd
250
Manage Caching Options
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/DatasetCachingOptions.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x4
FileType
rsd
350
Manage Cache Refresh Plans
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/CacheRefreshPlanList.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}&IsDataset=true
0x0
0x4
FileType
rsd
351
Manage Data Sources
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/DataSourceList.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x20
FileType
rsd
352
View Dependent Items
/JCP/article/_layouts/ReportServer/DependentItems.aspx?list={ListId}&ID={ItemId}
0x0
0x4
FileType
rsd
353
Compliance Details
javascript:commonShowModalDialog('{SiteUrl}/_layouts/itemexpiration.aspx?ID={ItemId}&List={ListId}', 'center:1;dialogHeight:500px;dialogWidth:500px;resizable:yes;status:no;location:no;menubar:no;help:no', function GotoPageAfterClose(pageid){if(pageid == 'hold') {STSNavigate(unescape(decodeURI('{SiteUrl}'))+'/_layouts/hold.aspx?ID={ItemId}&List={ListId}'); return false;} if(pageid == 'audit') {STSNavigate(unescape(decodeURI('{SiteUrl}'))+'/_layouts/Reporting.aspx?Category=Auditing&backtype=item&ID={ItemId}&List={ListId}'); return false;} if(pageid == 'config') {STSNavigate(unescape(decodeURI('{SiteUrl}'))+'/_layouts/expirationconfig.aspx?ID={ItemId}&List={ListId}'); return false;}}, null); return false;
0x0
0x1
ContentType
0x01
898
Document Set Version History
javascript:SP.UI.ModalDialog.ShowPopupDialog('{SiteUrl}/_layouts/DocSetVersions.aspx?List={ListId}&ID={ItemId}')
0x0
0x0
ContentType
0x0120D520
330
Send To other location
javascript:GoToPage('{SiteUrl}/_layouts/docsetsend.aspx?List={ListId}&ID={ItemId}')
0x0
0x0
ContentType
0x0120D520
350