psychiatrist

This work may not be copied, distributed, displayed, published, reproduced, transmitted, modified, posted, sold, licensed, or used for commercial purposes. By downloading this file, you are agreeing to the publisher’s Terms & Conditions.

Letter to the Editor

Unconjugated Bilirubin in Schizophrenia/Schizoaffective Disorder Spectrum: An Overlooked and Underestimated Biomarker Candidate

João Gama Marques, MD

Published: April 23, 2020

Unconjugated Bilirubin in Schizophrenia/Schizoaffective Disorder Spectrum: An Overlooked and Underestimated Biomarker Candidate

To the Editor: With great enthusiasm, I read an article1 published in the Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders regarding a prospective study of unconjugated bilirubin levels of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar affective disorder. This article1 was published just 2 days after publication of an article2 by my colleagues and I that described a 5-year retrospective, observational, controlled study that included not only patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, but also patients with schizoaffective disorder. Thus, I was delighted to learn that researchers from other world regions are interested in studying unconjugated bilirubin as a psychosis biomarker and that they are doing it prospectively. My group has been suggesting this kind of longitudinal methodology for studies with unconjugated bilirubin as a biomarker candidate in the schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder spectrum,3 and results of a prospective study were recently published.4

My interest in this fascinating topic began a few years ago following the presentation of a single psychotic patient to the emergency department.5 My colleagues and I then began pooling clinical data and managed to publish a preliminary small report.6 More recently, after hypothesizing that these disorders could be different points of a same pathological spectrum, a systematic review7 was conducted that compared the mean levels of unconjugated bilirubin in patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder. It was concluded that unconjugated bilirubin is a promising molecule that could be used as a possible biological marker for schizophrenia, and more research is needed.7 Indeed, there is an impending necessity for further research in this area, and I applaud any subsequent efforts.

REFERENCES

1. Pradeep JR, Acharya MS, Radhakrishnan R, et al. Elevated unconjugated bilirubin in schizophrenia compared to bipolar affective disorder. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2019;21(4):19m02448. PubMed CrossRef

2. Gama Marques J, Pedro I, Ouakinin S. Unconjugated bilirubin and acute psychosis: a five years retrospective observational and controlled study in patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective and bipolar disorders. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract. 2019;23(4):281-285. PubMed CrossRef

3. Gama Marques J, Arantes-Gonçalves F. A perspective on a possible relation between the psychopathology of the schizophrenia/schizoaffective spectrum and unconjugated bilirubin: a longitudinal protocol study. Front Psychiatry. 2018;9:146. PubMed CrossRef

4. Gama Marques J, Ouakinin S. Clinical profile in schizophrenia and schizoaffective spectrum: relation with unconjugated bilirubin in a prospective and controlled study with psychopathological and psychosocial variables. CNS Spectr. 2019;1-8. PubMed CrossRef

5. Gama Marques J. Mitsuda psychosis and holodysphrenia revisited: an atypical psychosis in a patient with parieto-occipital paroxysmal electroencephalographic activity and high unconjugated bilirubin. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2017;71(2):148-149. PubMed CrossRef

6. Gama-Marques J, Tinoco I, Pedro I, et al. Unconjugated bilirubin and acute schizophrenia: a probable correlation? Actas Esp Psiquiatr. 2017;45(2):79-88. PubMed

7. Pommerening Dornelles E, Gama Marques J, Ouakinin S. Unconjugated bilirubin and schizophrenia: a systematic review. CNS Spectr. 2019;24(6):577-588. PubMed CrossRef

João Gama Marques, MDa,b

joaogamamarques@gmail.com

aHospital Júlio de Matos, Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

bClínica Universitária de Psiquiatria e Psicologia Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

Published online: April 23, 2020.

Potential conflicts of interest: None.

Funding/support: None.

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2020;22(2):19l02525

To cite: Gama Marques J. Unconjugated bilirubin in schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder spectrum: an overlooked and underestimated biomarker candidate. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2020;22(2):19l02525.

To share: https://doi.org/10.4088/PCC.19l02525

© Copyright 2020 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.

Related Articles

Volume: 22

Quick Links:

$40.00

Buy this Article as a PDF

References