Brandan K. Penaluna, MD, MBA
Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
Consensus Statement
Next-Step Treatment Options for Treatment-Resistant Depression
January 21, 2026
Strong consensus emerged for augmentation with second-generation antipsychotics, TMS, and ketamine/esketamine in the base vignette. Preferences shifted to include non-augmentative antidepressants and ECT based on patient characteristics.
