Elizabeth T. Barfield, PhD

National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland

JCP
County-Level Variation in Substance Use Disorder Service Utilization by Insurance Payers and Self-Pay
Original Research ▶ Video

June 8, 2026

Across all examined payers, Medicaid funded a disproportionate share—over 50%—of SUD service expenditures.
, , , et al