Richard Grucza, PhD

Advanced Health Data Institute, Department of Health and Clinical Outcomes Research and Department of Family and Community Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri

JCP
Hallucinogen–Psychosis Associations Are Confounded by Baseline Psychiatric History
Original Research ▶ Video

June 10, 2026

Apparent associations between hallucinogen use and psychosis appear largely attributable to baseline psychiatric comorbidities rather than direct causal effects.
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