Raphael J. Leo, MA, MD

Department of Psychiatry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York

PCC
Recreational Ketamine-Induced Uropathy
Brief Report

March 19, 2026

Two patients with chronic recreational ketamine use presented with urinary frequency, urgency, dysuria, and hematuria in the absence of infection.
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PCC
Clozapine-Related Cecal Volvulus
Case Report

July 11, 2024

This case of clozapine-related cecal volvulus illustrates the need for a high index of suspicion for potentially life-threatening surgical emergencies in clozapine-treated patients.
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PCC
Recreational Use of 2M2B
Case Report

November 22, 2022

This report describes a patient whose use of 2-methyl-2-butanol—an inexpensive, easily accessible, potent, and nondetectable ethanol substitute—led to protracted intoxication and delirium.
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PCC
Mania Associated With Rhodiola Rosea
Case Report

March 17, 2022

In this report, the authors describe a patient whose use of Rhodiola rosea led to hospital presentation with mania.
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PCC
Case Report

August 13, 2020

The anxiolytic phenibut has gained popularity due to its availability online, despite being banned by the FDA. This case report illustrates the misuse and abuse potential and life-threatening consequences.
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PCC
Letter to the Editor

December 20, 2018

The incidence of oxcarbazepine-associated Stevens-Johnson syndrome is estimated to range between 0.5-6 cases/million per year. If you' re one of those cases, then there is a 100% chance you'...
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PCC
Letter to the Editor

July 19, 2018

Read a report on how the nootropic, Tianeptine sodium, led to unintended life-threatening consequences for a patient.
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JCP
Case Report

January 27, 2016

Read a case of a patient with an olfactory groove meningioma (brain tumor) who was misdiagnosed with schizophrenia.
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PCC
Letter to the Editor

July 22, 2010

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PCC
Letter to the Editor

October 14, 2005

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PCC
Letter to the Editor

December 1, 2003

JCP
Letter to the Editor

October 15, 2003

Consensus Report on XT Use in Practice

Read the full report
Figure: Graphic promoting Consensus Report on Xanomeline-Trospium; colorful net design shown with JCP logo in lower left.

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