ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the level of disability and identify an association between sociodemographic and clinical variables and disability in patients with bipolar disorder (BD).
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care general hospital psychiatric unit with 100 patients with BD in partial or full remission (DSM-IV-TR criteria) from January 2017 to March 2018. Patients were assessed using a semistructured proforma, the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview 5.0–Hindi version, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) or the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), and the Indian Disability Evaluation and Assessment Scale (IDEAS).
Results: All patients with BD had at least mild disability. The mean ± SD IDEAS global score was 5.1 ± 2.59. Of the sample, 66% and 34% had mild or moderate, disability, respectively. The global score of disability was associated with the number of episodes, number of manic episodes, frequency of episodes in the past year, YMRS and HDRS scores, partial remission, and hospitalization. Categories of disability were associated with the type of last episode, type of remission, and treatment setting.
Conclusions: Patients with BD had at least a mild level of disability even during remission. Disability worsened with the increasing number, frequency, and severity of episodes; number of manic episodes; partial remission; and hospitalization.
Free Access: Please Log In
This content is completely free—but you need to be logged in to read the full article. If you already have an account, please log in below. Otherwise, register for free to unlock instant access.
References (19)
- Ramdurg S, Kumar S. Study of sociodemographic profile, phenomenology, course and outcome of bipolar disorder in Indian population. Int J Health Allied Sci. 2013;2(4):260–263. CrossRef
- Merikangas KR, Jin R, He JP, et al. Prevalence and correlates of bipolar spectrum disorder in the World Mental Health Survey Initiative. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68(3):241–251. PubMed CrossRef
- Wesley MS, Manjula M, Thirthalli J. Interepisodic functioning in patients with bipolar disorder in remission. Indian J Psychol Med. 2018;40(1):52–60. PubMed CrossRef
- National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation Government of India. Disabled Persons in India, NSS 58th round (July–December 2002) Report No. 485 (58/26/1). [Internet]. New Delhi. 2003:6p. Accessed January 31, 2021. http://www.domainb.com/economy/general/2005/pdf/Disability_in_India.pdf
- Ferrari AJ, Stockings E, Khoo JP, et al. The prevalence and burden of bipolar disorder: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Bipolar Disord. 2016;18(5):440–450. PubMed CrossRef
- He H, Hu C, Ren Z, et al. Trends in the incidence and DALYs of bipolar disorder at global, regional, and national levels: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. J Psychiatr Res. 2020;125:96–105. PubMed CrossRef
- Arnold LM, Witzeman KA, Swank ML, et al. Health-related quality of life using the SF-36 in patients with bipolar disorder compared with patients with chronic back pain and the general population. J Affect Disord. 2000;57(1–3):235–239. PubMed CrossRef
- Judd LL, Akiskal HS, Schettler PJ, et al. Psychosocial disability in the course of bipolar I and II disorders: a prospective, comparative, longitudinal study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62(12):1322–1330. PubMed CrossRef
- Chacko D, Narayan KT, Prabhavathy KS. Disability in patients with bipolar and recurrent depressive disorder in remission: a comparative study. Indian J Psychol Med. 2011;33(1):49–53. PubMed CrossRef
- Swaroopachary RS, Kalasapati LK, Ivaturi SC, et al. Disability in bipolar affective disorder patients in relation to the duration of illness and current affective state. Arch Ment Health. 2018;19(1):37. CrossRef
- Thomas SP, Nisha A, Varghese PJ. Disability and quality of life of subjects with bipolar affective disorder in remission. Indian J Psychol Med. 2016;38(4):336–340. PubMed CrossRef
- Sanchez-Moreno J, Martinez-Aran A, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, et al. Functioning and disability in bipolar disorder: an extensive review. Psychother Psychosom. 2009;78(5):285–297. PubMed CrossRef
- Ismail S, Mehar H, Pinto DA. Disability in schizophrenia and bipolar mood disorder in general hospital psychiatry unit. Delhi Psychiatry J. 2011;14(2):258–261.
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Fourth Edition. Text Revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000.
- Lecrubier Y, Sheehan DV, Weiller E, et al. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI): a short diagnostic structured interview: reliability and validity according to the CIDI. Eur Psychiatry. 1997;12(5):224–231. CrossRef
- Hamilton M. A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1960;23(1):56–62. PubMed CrossRef
- Young RC, Biggs JT, Ziegler VE, et al. A rating scale for mania: reliability, validity and sensitivity. Br J Psychiatry. 1978;133(5):429–435. PubMed CrossRef
- Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment. Document no. 181788. [Internet]. New Delhi. 2018:113p. The Gazette of India website. Accessed August 25, 2022. https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2018/181788.pdf
- Rössler W. Psychiatric rehabilitation today: an overview. World Psychiatry. 2006;5(3):151–157. PubMed
Please sign in or purchase this PDF for $40.
Save
Share
Cite
