Rounds in the General Hospital February 4, 2025

Prolonged Grief: Etiology and Management

; ;

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2025;27(1):24f03812

Lessons Learned at the Interface of Medicine and Psychiatry

The Psychiatric Consultation Service at Massachusetts General Hospital sees medical and surgical inpatients with comorbid psychiatric symptoms and conditions. During their twice-weekly rounds, Dr Stern and other members of the Consultation Service discuss diagnosis and management of hospitalized patients with complex medical or surgical problems who also demonstrate psychiatric symptoms or conditions. These discussions have given rise to rounds reports that will prove useful for clinicians practicing at the interface of medicine and psychiatry.

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2025;27(1):24f03812

Author affiliations are listed at the end of this article.

  1. Szuhany KL, Malgaroli M, Miron CD, et al. Prolonged grief disorder: course, diagnosis, assessment, and treatment. Focus (Am Psychiatr Publ). 2021;19(2):161–172.
  2. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. American Psychiatric Association Publishing; 2022
  3. Buur C, Zachariae R, Komischke-Konnerup KB, et al. Risk factors for prolonged grief symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2024;107:102375. PubMed
  4. Djelantik AAAMJ, Smid GE, Kleber RJ, et al. Early indicators of problematic grief trajectories following bereavement. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2017;8(suppl 6):1423825. PubMed CrossRef
  5. Nielsen MK, Carlsen AH, Neergaard MA, et al. Looking beyond the mean in grief trajectories: a prospective, population-based cohort study. Soc Sci Med. 2019;232:460–469. PubMed CrossRef
  6. Harrop E, Medeiros Mirra R, Goss S, et al. Prolonged grief during and beyond the pandemic: factors associated with levels of grief in a four time-point longitudinal survey of people bereaved in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1215881. PubMed
  7. Tang S, Xiang Z. Who suffered most after deaths due to COVID-19? Prevalence and correlates of prolonged grief disorder in COVID-19 related bereaved adults. Global Health. 2021;17(1):19.
  8. Ito M, Nakajima S, Fujisawa D, et al. Brief measure for screening complicated grief: reliability and discriminant validity. PLoS One. 2012;7(2):e31209. PubMed CrossRef
  9. Patel SR, Cole A, Little V, et al. Acceptability, feasibility and outcome of a screening programme for complicated grief in integrated primary and behavioural health care clinics. Fam Pract. 2019;36(2):125–131. PubMed CrossRef
  10. Prigerson HG, Maciejewski PK, Reynolds CF, et al. Inventory of Complicated Grief: a scale to measure maladaptive symptoms of loss. Psychiatry Res. 1995;59(1–2):65–79. PubMed CrossRef
  11. Shear K, Frank E, Houck PR, et al. Treatment of complicated grief: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2005;293(21):2601–2608. PubMed CrossRef
  12. Shear MK, Wang Y, Skritskaya N, et al. Treatment of complicated grief in elderly persons: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2014;71(11):1287–1295. PubMed CrossRef
  13. Bui E, Nadal-Vicens M, Simon NM. Pharmacological approaches to the treatment of complicated grief: rationale and a brief review of the literature. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2012;14(2):149–157. PubMed