A Qualitative Study on Stigmatization Associated With COVID-19

Mohammad Jafferany, MD^h; Ahmad Kalateh Sadati, PhD^a; Mohammad Mahdi Parvizi, MD, PhD, MPH^b,c,d; Sedighe Forouhari, PhD^e; Seyed Ali Hosseini, MD^f; Mohammad Hossein Bahmanzadegan Jahromi, MD^g

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2022;24(2):21m03174

ABSTRACT

Objective: To survey and analyze the experience of stigma among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Iran.

Methods: This qualitative study was conducted from September to December 2020 in the Fars, Khorasan Razavi, and Yazd provinces of Iran. Sampling was done via the snowball method. Based on data saturation criteria, 24 adults aged > 18 years who had been diagnosed with COVID-19 were recruited. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with each patient. Data were analyzed following the conventional content analysis method.

Results: The results showed that during their illness with COVID-19, the participants experienced a difficult and anxious course, with rejection and alienation from their first-degree relatives taking them by surprise. The 3 main themes extracted from this study were (1) fear and rejection, (2) discrimination, and (3) loneliness. These experiences changed the attitudes of the participants toward life and themselves.

Conclusions: The results show the importance of being aware of social stigma among patients and that primary care physicians play an integral role in addressing this issue, especially during pandemics. Psychological counseling sessions for those afflicted is recommended, and education and training should be provided to the public regarding the proper treatment of patients with COVID-19. Quantitative studies in this field are highly recommended.

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