The Primary
Care Companionfor CNS Disorders

Volume 28 • 2026 • 4

Systematic Review

NMDA Receptor Antagonists in Pediatric Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2026;28(4):25r04152

Nihit Gupta, MD; Noah Parker, MD; Azl Saeed, MD; Priyal Khurana, MSc; Fahad Qureshi, MD, MBA; Kelechie Emeronye, MD; Raghu Gandhi, MD; Srinija Srinivasan, BA; Mayank Gupta, MD

Original Research

Reducing Screen Time in Children With Borderline IQ: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Parent-Mediated Screen Time Usage Module

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2026;28(4):25m04135

Sarita Kumari, MSN; Nitasha Sharma, PhD; Sunita Sharma, PhD; Nidhi Chauhan, MD; Akhilesh Sharma, MD

Original Research

Health Care Providers and Internet Gaming Disorder: Attitudes, Knowledge, and Clinical Readiness

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2026;28(4):26m04192

Sahil Anand, BA; Nicholas Romano, MD; Evguenia Makovkina, MD; Yuqing Qiu, MS; Jonathan Avery, MD

Original Research

Comorbid Cardiovascular Disease and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Older US Veterans: Prevalence, Health Burden, and Functional Impairment

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2026;28(4):26m04187

Alina Yang; Atreya Manaswi, HSD; Melanie W. Fischer, PhD; Ian C. Fischer, PhD; Peter J. Na, MD, MPH; Robert H. Pietrzak, PhD, MPH

Original Research

Prevalence of Anxiety, Depressive Symptoms, and Substance Use in Schizophrenia

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2026;28(4):26m04210

Prabhas Pandey, MD; Ajeet Sidana, MD; Prinka Arora, MD

Original Research

Psychometric Properties of the Borderline Symptom List 23 for Brazilian Portuguese in a Nonclinical Sample

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2026;28(4):26m04184

Ramiro Figueiredo Catelan, PhD; Verena Barroso Bastos, MSc; Vinicius Guimarães Dornelles, MSc; Nikolaus Kleindienst, PhD; Maria Mocarz-Kleindienst, PhD; Antonio Egidio Nardi, PhD; Pedro Paulo Pires, PhD

Original Research

Beyond Pharmacology: Do Tablet Shape, Size, and Color Influence Medication Adherence in Psychiatric Outpatients?

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2026;28(4):25m04101

Rajat Rawat, PharmD; Pravesh Thapliyal, PharmD; Raunak Kumar, PharmD; Yogesh Joshi, MPharm, PhD; Shobit Garg, MD, DPM

Rounds in the General Hospital

Generative Artificial Intelligence in Mental Health: A Guide for Primary Care Providers

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2026;28(4):26f04201

Ashwini Nadkarni, MD; Kyle Faust, PhD; Sofia E. Matta, MD; Jacob R. Weiss, MD; Naomi A. Schmelzer, MD; Theodore A. Stern, MD

Rounds in the General Hospital

Combining Clozapine and Xanomeline/Trospium Chloride: Mechanisms of Action and the Genesis of Catatonia

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2026;28(4):26f04194

Rika Matsuo, MD; Matthew R. Caldwell, MD; Warren Cheng, BA; Patrick A. Ho, MD, MPH; James K. Rustad, MD; Theodore A. Stern, MD

Rounds in the General Hospital

Neuromodulatory and Wearable Technologies for Central Nervous System Disorders: Clinical Applications and Contraindications

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2026;28(4):26f04189

James K. Rustad, MD; Amit Chopra, MBBS; Joseph L. Bonvie, PsyD; Mara Joy, FNP-C; Kaitlin M. Picard, PMHNP-BC; Sofia E. Matta, MD; Anne Felde, MD; Theodore A. Stern, MD

Rounds in the General Hospital

Homelessness and Housing Insecurity: Challenges and Opportunities to Improve Care

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2026;28(4):26f04188

Sofia E. Matta, MD; Luis Velez Figueroa, MD; Margarita Bobonis-Babilonia, MD; Andrea C. DeSimone, DO; Lynne D. Boone, MD; Katherine A. Koh, MD, MSc; Theodore A. Stern, MD

Rounds in the General Hospital

The Impact of Spirituality and Religious Practices on Health and Mental Health

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2026;28(4):26f04213

Sofia E. Matta, MD; Seth Mattson, MD; Michalla B. Braford, DO; John R. Peteet, MD; Fr. Danny A. Schieffler, Jr, PhD, MSW, MTh; Theodore A. Stern, MD

Rounds in the General Hospital

The Meaning of Monitoring Among Patients and Their Families in Critical Care Units

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2026;28(4):25f04175

Joseph D. Dragonetti, MD; Katerina V. Mastronardi, DO; Samah Ibrahim, MD; Rachel R. Hammer, MD; Ewa D. Bieber, MD; Michalla Braford, DO; Dona A. Kiriella, MD; Maya Ganeshan, MS; Hannah Browne, DO; Shannon Weatherly, BS; Prisha Thapar, BS; Theodore A. Stern, MD

Rounds in the General Hospital

Communicating With Intubated Patients: Challenges Faced by Health Care Providers, Patients, and Family Members

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2026;28(4):25f04104

Melissa P. Bui, MD; Elisabeth A. Dietrich, MD; Michalla B. Braford, DO; Katerina Mastronardi, DO; Theodore A. Stern, MD

Brief Report

The Dual Role of Media in Addiction: Shaping Narratives, Reinforcing Stigma, and Influencing Policy Outcomes

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2026;28(4):25br04119

Ellie Nadelmann, BS

Case Report

Silence as Defiance: A Case of Volitional Mutism in Adulthood

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2026;28(4):26cr04195

Garrett Hill, BS; Gregory Noe, MD; Sahil Munjal, MD

Case Report

Abrupt Smoking Cessation Due to Sensory Aversion Following Tirzepatide Initiation

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2026;28(4):25cr04174

Omar I. Ceesay, RN, BSN; Blase Rokusek, MS; Jordan Rasmussen, BS; Christine Sedze DeWolf, BS; Erin Delsol, MSN, PMHNP-BC; Rashmi Ojha, MD

Case Report

Mania Due to Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis Type 2 or Its Treatment, Prednisone

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2026;28(4):26cr04180

David R. Spiegel, MD; Rachel Billingsly, MD; Melissa Cazzell, MS; Arusha Arif, BS; Denaeya Easley, BS; Caitlin Mea, BA

Case Report

7-Hydroxymitragynine Withdrawal Treated With Buprenorphine-Naloxone

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2026;28(4):26cr04232

Jacob T. Held, PharmD, BCPP; Francisco P. Varicat, DO

Case Report

Aripiprazole-Induced Persistent Hiccups in an Adult With Drug-Induced Psychosis

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2026;28(4):26cr04224

Tingting Ge, MBBS, PhD; Suresh Yadav, MD, FRANZCP; Chelsea Chen, MBBS; Sandeep Grover, MD, FRANZCP

Case Report

Peduncular Hallucinosis With Right Thalamic Cavernous Angioma

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2026;28(4):26cr04179

Mizuki Kudo, MD; Yuko Daa, MD; Hirofumi Hirakawa, MD, PhD

Case Report

Unexpected Improvement in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Symptoms Following Initiation of Bupropion

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2026;28(4):26cr04209

Juan Miguel Riestra, BS; Zoya Munsar, BS; Douglas J. Opler, MD

Case Report

Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia in a Patient With Unilateral Renal Agenesis and Dysmorphic Facial Features: A Case Report

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2026;28(4):26cr04230

Anirudh Bakam, MD, PDF; Rajdeep Birdi, MBBS; Kanika Dhiman, MBBS; Sai Spoorthy Mamidipalli, MD

Case Report

Exacerbation of Psychotic Symptoms Associated With Mushroom-Based Supplementation in a Patient With Cerebral Palsy

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2026;28(4):26cr04200

Kirat Kaur, MBBS; Shobit Garg, MD, DPM

Case Report

Parenteral Testosterone–Induced Acute Psychosis in Klinefelter Syndrome

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2026;28(4):26cr04203

Abhijeet Anand, MBBS; Shobit Garg, MD, DPM

Case Report

Fluoxetine-Induced Liver Injury in a Patient With Post-Schizophrenic Depression

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2026;28(4):26cr04182

Shushank Tej Tekupalli, MBBS; Anirudh Bakam, MD; Sai Spoorthy Mamidipalli, MD; Sai Krishna Tikka, MD, DPM

Case Report

Decision-Making Capacity in a High-Acuity Operative Setting

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2026;28(4):26cr04202

Greg Noe, MD; Garret Hill, BS; Hannah Lee, BS; Sahil Munjal, MD

Case Report

Modafinil Use for Hypoactive Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2026;28(4):26cr04193

Austin J. Eason, MD; Noelle Dorvault, BS; Hope Bentley, MD; Matthew Gunther, MD; Shixie Jiang, MD

Case Report

Recurrent Rectal Foreign Body Insertion Associated With Cocaine-Induced Compulsive Sexual Behavior Resulting in Permanent Colostomy

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2026;28(4):26cr04212

Ann C. Schwartz, MD; Ashley Smith, PA-C; Caroline Stiles, PsyD; Gregg A. Robbins-Welty, MD, MS, HEC-C

Case Report

Mirtazapine-Induced Severe Hyponatremia in a Young Man Taking Oxcarbazepine

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2026;28(4):26cr04199

Nathan R. Luzum, MD; Sahil Munjal, MD

Case Report

Agoraphobia Secondary to Stiff Person Spectrum Disorder Freeze Attacks

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2026;28(4):26cr04185

Drew Cumming, MD; Gabriel Hastreiter, MD; Justin Abbatemarco, MD

Letter to the Editor

Alcohol Use Disorder and Pharmacotherapy: What’s Shame Got to Do With It?

Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2026;28(4):26lr04197

Vania Modesto-Lowe, MD, MPH; Gabrielle Rodrigues, MS; Margaret Chaplin, MD

Volume 28 • 2026 • 4

Systematic Review

NMDA Receptor Antagonists in Pediatric Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review

Original Research

Reducing Screen Time in Children With Borderline IQ: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Parent-Mediated Screen Time Usage Module

Health Care Providers and Internet Gaming Disorder: Attitudes, Knowledge, and Clinical Readiness

Comorbid Cardiovascular Disease and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Older US Veterans: Prevalence, Health Burden, and Functional Impairment

Prevalence of Anxiety, Depressive Symptoms, and Substance Use in Schizophrenia

Psychometric Properties of the Borderline Symptom List 23 for Brazilian Portuguese in a Nonclinical Sample

Beyond Pharmacology: Do Tablet Shape, Size, and Color Influence Medication Adherence in Psychiatric Outpatients?

Rounds in the General Hospital

Generative Artificial Intelligence in Mental Health: A Guide for Primary Care Providers

Combining Clozapine and Xanomeline/Trospium Chloride: Mechanisms of Action and the Genesis of Catatonia

Neuromodulatory and Wearable Technologies for Central Nervous System Disorders: Clinical Applications and Contraindications

Homelessness and Housing Insecurity: Challenges and Opportunities to Improve Care

The Impact of Spirituality and Religious Practices on Health and Mental Health

The Meaning of Monitoring Among Patients and Their Families in Critical Care Units

Communicating With Intubated Patients: Challenges Faced by Health Care Providers, Patients, and Family Members

Brief Report

The Dual Role of Media in Addiction: Shaping Narratives, Reinforcing Stigma, and Influencing Policy Outcomes

Case Report

Silence as Defiance: A Case of Volitional Mutism in Adulthood

Abrupt Smoking Cessation Due to Sensory Aversion Following Tirzepatide Initiation

Mania Due to Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis Type 2 or Its Treatment, Prednisone

7-Hydroxymitragynine Withdrawal Treated With Buprenorphine-Naloxone

Aripiprazole-Induced Persistent Hiccups in an Adult With Drug-Induced Psychosis

Peduncular Hallucinosis With Right Thalamic Cavernous Angioma

Unexpected Improvement in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Symptoms Following Initiation of Bupropion

Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia in a Patient With Unilateral Renal Agenesis and Dysmorphic Facial Features: A Case Report

Exacerbation of Psychotic Symptoms Associated With Mushroom-Based Supplementation in a Patient With Cerebral Palsy

Parenteral Testosterone–Induced Acute Psychosis in Klinefelter Syndrome

Fluoxetine-Induced Liver Injury in a Patient With Post-Schizophrenic Depression

Decision-Making Capacity in a High-Acuity Operative Setting

Modafinil Use for Hypoactive Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit

Recurrent Rectal Foreign Body Insertion Associated With Cocaine-Induced Compulsive Sexual Behavior Resulting in Permanent Colostomy

Mirtazapine-Induced Severe Hyponatremia in a Young Man Taking Oxcarbazepine

Agoraphobia Secondary to Stiff Person Spectrum Disorder Freeze Attacks

Letter to the Editor

Alcohol Use Disorder and Pharmacotherapy: What’s Shame Got to Do With It?

Learn More About Psychedelics in Psychiatry

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