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Care Companionfor CNS Disorders

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Willful Dissociation and Hypnosis: Strategies for Primary Care
Rounds in the General Hospital

Willful Dissociation and Hypnosis: Strategies for Primary Care

September 3, 2026

A myriad of affective, behavioral, cognitive symptoms, and problems, such as pain, can be altered by use of willful dissociation in the context of receiving medical care
, , , et al
PCC
Recognition and Management of Catatonia
Narrative Review

Recognition and Management of Catatonia

September 3, 2026

Catatonia is a highly treatable yet frequently missed syndrome. Improved recognition, systematic screening, and timely treatment remain essential to reducing morbidity and improving patient outcomes
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PCC
Intrusive PTSD Symptoms and Elevated CRP in World Trade Center Responders
Original Research

Intrusive PTSD Symptoms and Elevated CRP in World Trade Center Responders

September 1, 2026

Intrusive PTSD symptoms may contribute to systemic inflammation in WTC responders, thus targeting both PTSD symptoms and obesity/dyslipidemia may help mitigate risk for elevated systemic inflammation.
, , , et al
PCC
Managing 7-hydroxymitragynine Withdrawal
Case Report

Managing 7-hydroxymitragynine Withdrawal

August 27, 2026

A 49-year-old man taking “7-OH” experienced significant opioid withdrawal symptoms that resolved with high-dose buprenorphine-naloxone treatment.
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PCC
Generative AI in Mental Health
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Generative AI in Mental Health

August 25, 2026

As patients rely more on generative AI to assess and manage symptoms, they may mistake its output for professional advice and be unable to gauge accuracy, quality, or biases.
, , , et al
PCC
Aripiprazole-Induced Hiccups
Case Report

Aripiprazole-Induced Hiccups

August 25, 2026

A 29-year-old man hospitalized for psychotic symptoms in the context of methamphetamine experienced persistent hiccups after starting aripiprazole.
, , , et al
The Primary Care Companion cover with articles on screen time, gaming disorder, and NMDA receptor antagonists

Vol 28 • 2026 • Number 4

Read the Current Issue

Original Research

Reducing Screen Time in Children With Borderline IQ

Original Research

Clinical Perspectives on Internet Gaming Disorder

Original Research

Cardiovascular Disease and PTSD in Older Veterans

Systematic Review

NMDA Receptor Antagonists in Pediatric Autism

Rounds in the General Hospital

Generative AI in Mental Health

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Clozapine, Xanomeline-Trospium, and Catatonia
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Rounds in the General Hospital Rounds from Banner Alzheimer's Institute

Original Research

PCC
Anxiety, Depression, and Substance Use in Schizophrenia
Original Research

Anxiety, Depression, and Substance Use in Schizophrenia

August 20, 2026

Early screening and management of anxiety and depressive symptoms in schizophrenia is crucial, as their presence significantly correlates with illness severity and may shape long-term functional outcomes.
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PCC
Psychometric Properties of the Brazilian BSL-23
Original Research

Psychometric Properties of the Brazilian BSL-23

July 21, 2026

Findings support the validity, reliability, and structural stability of the Brazilian version of the Borderline Symptom List 23, expanding access to the assessment of borderline symptoms in Brazil.
, , , et al
PCC
Tablet Preference and Adherence in Psychiatry
Original Research

Tablet Preference and Adherence in Psychiatry

June 30, 2026

This study evaluated preferences for tablet shape, size, and color among psychiatric outpatients and their relation to self-reported adherence.
, , , et al

Review Articles

PCC
Pitfalls of Daily Fantasy Sports
Narrative Review

Pitfalls of Daily Fantasy Sports

June 25, 2026

Daily fantasy sports are redefining gambling risk. This review examines addiction pathways, platform design, and mental health implications for vulnerable youth.
, , , et al
PCC
Buprenorphine for Pain in Sickle Cell Disease
Review Article

Buprenorphine for Pain in Sickle Cell Disease

June 16, 2026

Buprenorphine is associated with improved functional outcomes as well as reduced ED visits, hospital admissions, and opioid use in patients with chronic pain related to sickle cell disease.
, , , et al
PCC
MiRNAs as Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Narrative Review

MiRNAs as Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

April 30, 2026

This review highlights how microRNA dysregulation can shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric disorders and serve as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis.
, , , et al
PCC
Lithium in Mood and Bipolar Disorders
Narrative Review

Lithium in Mood and Bipolar Disorders

April 16, 2026

Long-term lithium treatment is associated with a meaningful reduction in suicide attempts and deaths, an advantage that is important to discuss with patients and families at elevated suicide risk.
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PCC
Role of tDCS in Autism
Meta-Analysis

Role of tDCS in Autism

March 12, 2026

Transcranial direct current stimulation improves core autism spectrum disorder symptoms, particularly social responsiveness and behavioral regulation, with stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex showing the greatest benefit.
, , , et al
PCC
Gender-Affirming Surgery, Gender Dysphoria, and QOL
Review Article

Gender-Affirming Surgery, Gender Dysphoria, and QOL

November 11, 2025

Those who receive gender dysphoria treatment at a younger age may experience lower rates of suicidal ideation, underscoring potential mental health benefits of timely intervention.
, , , et al

Rounds in the General Hospital

PCC
Neuromodulatory Technologies for CNS Disorders
Rounds in the General Hospital

Neuromodulatory Technologies for CNS Disorders

August 13, 2026

Neuromodulatory devices and wearables are transforming psychiatric care; this case-based review covers FDA-approved uses, contraindications, and clinical integration for depression, PTSD, and pain.
, , , et al
PCC
Homelessness and Housing Insecurity
Rounds in the General Hospital

Homelessness and Housing Insecurity

August 13, 2026

Individuals who experience homelessness have high rates of medical and psychiatric illness and face barriers to care; vulnerable populations include mothers with dependent children who have experienced domestic violence,…
, , , et al
PCC
Impact of Religious Practices on Health
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Impact of Religious Practices on Health

August 4, 2026

The importance of patients’ spiritual and religious practices is frequently under-appreciated by health care providers. Read this case vignette and discussion to find out more.
, , , et al
PCC
The Meaning of Monitoring to Patients and their Families in Critical Care Units
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The Meaning of Monitoring to Patients and their Families in Critical Care Units

July 7, 2026

Patients and family members in ICUs frequently focus on the numeric displays of monitoring devices to feel that they are in control, rather than adrift in a helpless situation.
, , , et al
PCC
Communicating With Intubated Patients
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Communicating With Intubated Patients

July 2, 2026

Communication difficulties associated with critical illness and mechanical ventilation increase the likelihood of developing neuropsychiatric sequelae of critical illness and can worsen short- and long-term patient outcomes.
, , , et al
PCC
Psychological Adverse Effects of Psychedelic Use
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Psychological Adverse Effects of Psychedelic Use

June 25, 2026

This case-based review explores psychological adverse effects of psychedelic use, covering risk factors, trauma history, phenomenology, and evidence-based management strategies for clinicians.
, , , et al

Case Reports

PCC
Renal Agenesis, Dysmorphism, and Schizophrenia
Case Report

Renal Agenesis, Dysmorphism, and Schizophrenia

August 18, 2026

The authors report a case of treatment-resistant schizophrenia with unilateral renal agenesis and minor physical anomalies, highlighting this rare association as well as treatment implications.
, , , et al
PCC
Unexpected Improvement in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Symptoms Following Initiation of Bupropion
Case Report

Unexpected Improvement in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Symptoms Following Initiation of Bupropion

August 18, 2026

A 23-year-old woman with OCD and comorbid depression experienced an unexpected improvement in OCD symptoms following initiation of bupropion.
, ,
PCC
Peduncular Hallucinosis With Right Thalamic Cavernous Angioma
Case Report

Peduncular Hallucinosis With Right Thalamic Cavernous Angioma

August 18, 2026

A 56-year-old woman developed visual and auditory hallucinations, delusions of jealousy and possession, and cognitive impairment associated with a thalamic lesion
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PCC
Volitional Mutism in Adulthood
Case Report

Volitional Mutism in Adulthood

August 6, 2026

The authors present a case of volitional mutism in a 42-year-old woman and highlight the differential diagnosis.
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PCC
Mushroom-Based Supplement Worsens Psychosis
Case Report

Mushroom-Based Supplement Worsens Psychosis

August 4, 2026

This case illustrates potential neuropsychiatric risks associated with mushroom-based dietary supplements in individuals with neurological vulnerabilities such as cerebral palsy.
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PCC
Testosterone-Induced Psychosis in Klinefelter Syndrome
Case Report

Testosterone-Induced Psychosis in Klinefelter Syndrome

July 30, 2026

The authors report a rare case of acute psychosis following long-term parenteral testosterone replacement in a patient with undiagnosed Klinefelter syndrome.
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Letter to the Editor

PCC
Shame and Alcohol Use Disorder
Letter to the Editor

Shame and Alcohol Use Disorder

July 9, 2026

The authors focus on a barrier to successful treatment for AUD: a patient’s sense of shame regarding their own heavy drinking.
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PCC
Peer Support to Prevent Suicide Among Medical Students
Letter to the Editor

Peer Support to Prevent Suicide Among Medical Students

May 14, 2026

The authors describe a peer support panel discussion designed to address suicide prevention, allowing medical students to actively participate in addressing critical mental health challenges they face in their…
, , , et al
PCC
Take “Oedipus” Off
Letter to the Editor

Take “Oedipus” Off

May 12, 2026

The authors examine justification for using the name of Oedipus to identify a psychoanalytic concept concerning children aged 3–6 years describing attraction to the parent of the opposite sex…
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PCC
Catatonia, Neurocognitive Disorders, and End-of-Life Care
Letter to the Editor

Catatonia, Neurocognitive Disorders, and End-of-Life Care

April 28, 2026

The authors present a combined cohort of 4 patients with baseline neurocognitive disorders who developed catatonia shortly before death.
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PCC
Psychopharmacotherapy Updates
Letter to the Editor

Psychopharmacotherapy Updates

April 7, 2026

The authors provide an update for busy prescribers on the latest FDA-approved psychotropic medications.
, , , et al
PCC
Psychosis and Kratom
Letter to the Editor

Psychosis and Kratom

March 10, 2026

The authors discuss the possible association between psychosis and kratom use.
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More Articles from The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders

PCC
Abrupt Smoking Cessation With Tirzepatide
Case Report

Abrupt Smoking Cessation With Tirzepatide

July 30, 2026

The authors present a case of sudden, sustained smoking cessation associated with the initiation of tirzepatide in a 53-year-old woman.
, , , et al
PCC
Decision-Making Capacity in the Operating Room
Case Report

Decision-Making Capacity in the Operating Room

July 28, 2026

This case illustrates that patients may retain decision-making even when refusing life-sustaining interventions in emergent contexts
, , , et al
PCC
Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis and Mania
Case Report

Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis and Mania

July 28, 2026

A 66-year-old man diagnosed with amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis who presented to the emergency department with symptoms of mania.
, , , et al
PCC
Modafinil for Hypoactive Delirium in the ICU
Case Report

Modafinil for Hypoactive Delirium in the ICU

July 21, 2026

A 57-year-old woman with severe hypoactive delirium rapidly improved following a split-dosing strategy of modafinil.
, , , et al
PCC
Mirtazapine-Induced Severe Hyponatremia
Case Report

Mirtazapine-Induced Severe Hyponatremia

July 16, 2026

A 30-year-old man developed severe hyponatremia after starting mirtazapine, highlighting the importance of closely monitoring sodium levels when starting any antidepressant in patients already taking oxcarbazepine.
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PCC
Cocaine-Associated Rectal Foreign Body Insertion
Case Report

Cocaine-Associated Rectal Foreign Body Insertion

July 16, 2026

This case highlights how recurrent surgical presentations related to substance-associated compulsive behavior can outpace sustained, longitudinal behavioral intervention, particularly when psychiatric and addiction care are not integrated early.
, , , et al
PCC
Freeze Attacks in Stiff Person Spectrum Disorder
Case Report

Freeze Attacks in Stiff Person Spectrum Disorder

July 14, 2026

A 43-year-old woman with stiff person spectrum disorder developed agoraphobia after “freeze attacks” in public, highlighting the need to screen these patients for anxiety and the role of CBT…
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PCC
The Dual Role of Media in Addiction
Brief Report

The Dual Role of Media in Addiction

July 7, 2026

Media has a dual role in shaping perceptions of addiction: it can perpetuate stigma and inequity or serve as a tool for empathy and evidence-based advocacy.
PCC
Fluoxetine-Induced Liver Injury
Case Report

Fluoxetine-Induced Liver Injury

June 30, 2026

The authors report a case of fluoxetine-induced acute liver injury in a young woman to highlight the possibility of severe hepatic damage with a widely used antidepressant and emphasize…
, , , et al
PCC
Medical and Cultural Approach to OCD
Case Report

Medical and Cultural Approach to OCD

June 23, 2026

This case demonstrates successful management of severe religious OCD through medication optimization and psychotherapy over an 18-month treatment period.
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PCC
Medical Complications of Psychedelics
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Medical Complications of Psychedelics

June 23, 2026

This case-based review covers acute complications, drug interactions, and long-term safety across psilocybin, MDMA, ketamine, and ibogaine, with practical guidance for clinicians.
, , , et al
PCC
Primary Users of the VA Health Care System
Original Research

Primary Users of the VA Health Care System

June 18, 2026

Sociodemographic and clinical profiles of veterans who primarily rely on the VA for health care reveal a vulnerable group who tend to have more complex psychiatric and medical needs.
, , , et al

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