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Care Companionfor CNS Disorders

Advancing primary care with essential peer-reviewed research and insights into CNS disorders

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Organ Transplantation in Autism
Rounds in the General Hospital

Organ Transplantation in Autism

November 10, 2026

Hospitalization following organ transplant can be challenging, and patients with autism spectrum disorder may be even more frightened by these experiences, complicating the recovery process.
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PCC
Severe Phenibut Withdrawal
Case Report

Severe Phenibut Withdrawal

November 10, 2026

The authors describe a case of a 23-year-old woman illustrating the severity and diagnostic complexity of phenibut withdrawal.
, , , et al
PCC
Adrenal Cortex Supplement Use During BZD Withdrawal
Case Report

Adrenal Cortex Supplement Use During BZD Withdrawal

November 5, 2026

The authors report the case of a 31-year-old man who regularly used a bovine-derived adrenal cortex supplement during benzodiazepine withdrawal
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PCC
Prescription Patterns in Canadian Operational Stress Injury Clinics: An In-Depth Examination of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Treatment Practices
Original Research

Prescription Patterns in Canadian Operational Stress Injury Clinics: An In-Depth Examination of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Treatment Practices

November 5, 2026

The findings highlight the challenges of applying guideline-based care to patients with chronic, complex PTSD and underscore the need for further research on sequenced and combined pharmacologic strategies.
, , , et al
PCC
Specific Phobia to White Clouds With Acrophobia
Case Report

Specific Phobia to White Clouds With Acrophobia

November 3, 2026

The authors report a case of nephophobia co-occurring with longstanding acrophobia in a 38-year-old man.
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PCC
Efficacy of Lumateperone 42 mg in MDD
Original Research

Efficacy of Lumateperone 42 mg in MDD

November 3, 2026

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The Primary Care Companion cover featuring psychiatric research on CNS disorders

Vol 28 • 2026 • Number 5

Read the Current Issue

Original Research

Inpatient Perspectives on LAIs

Original Research

Bilateral tDCS Reduces Relief Craving During Alcohol Withdrawal

Original Research

Intrusive PTSD Symptoms and Elevated CRP in World Trade Center Responders

Narrative Review

Skin and Brain in Bipolar Disorder

Narrative Review

Recognition and Management of Catatonia

Rounds in the General Hospital

When Hair Becomes Hazardous
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Rounds in the General Hospital Rounds from Banner Alzheimer's Institute

Original Research

PCC
Vision Outcomes in Children With Mental, Emotional, Developmental, or Behavioral Problems
Original Research

Vision Outcomes in Children With Mental, Emotional, Developmental, or Behavioral Problems

September 10, 2026

This study evaluated whether vision care utilization, screening/referral steps, and vision-related outcomes differ by mental, emotional, developmental, or behavioral disorder status in US children.
, , , et al
PCC
Anxiety, Depression, and Substance Use in Schizophrenia
Original Research

Anxiety, Depression, and Substance Use in Schizophrenia

August 20, 2026

Early screening and management of anxiety and depressive symptoms in schizophrenia is crucial, as their presence significantly correlates with illness severity and may shape long-term functional outcomes.
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PCC
Reducing Screen Time in Children With Borderline IQ
Original Research

Reducing Screen Time in Children With Borderline IQ

July 23, 2026

In this RCT, the Parent Mediated Screen Time Usage Module demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing screen time and improving associated behavioral and health outcomes among children with borderline IQ.
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Review Articles

PCC
Pitfalls of Daily Fantasy Sports
Narrative Review

Pitfalls of Daily Fantasy Sports

June 25, 2026

Daily fantasy sports are redefining gambling risk. This review examines addiction pathways, platform design, and mental health implications for vulnerable youth.
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PCC
Buprenorphine for Pain in Sickle Cell Disease
Review Article

Buprenorphine for Pain in Sickle Cell Disease

June 16, 2026

Buprenorphine is associated with improved functional outcomes as well as reduced ED visits, hospital admissions, and opioid use in patients with chronic pain related to sickle cell disease.
, , , et al
PCC
MiRNAs as Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Narrative Review

MiRNAs as Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

April 30, 2026

This review highlights how microRNA dysregulation can shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric disorders and serve as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis.
, , , et al
PCC
Lithium in Mood and Bipolar Disorders
Narrative Review

Lithium in Mood and Bipolar Disorders

April 16, 2026

Long-term lithium treatment is associated with a meaningful reduction in suicide attempts and deaths, an advantage that is important to discuss with patients and families at elevated suicide risk.
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PCC
Role of tDCS in Autism
Meta-Analysis

Role of tDCS in Autism

March 12, 2026

Transcranial direct current stimulation improves core autism spectrum disorder symptoms, particularly social responsiveness and behavioral regulation, with stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex showing the greatest benefit.
, , , et al
PCC
Gender-Affirming Surgery, Gender Dysphoria, and QOL
Review Article

Gender-Affirming Surgery, Gender Dysphoria, and QOL

November 11, 2025

Those who receive gender dysphoria treatment at a younger age may experience lower rates of suicidal ideation, underscoring potential mental health benefits of timely intervention.
, , , et al

Rounds in the General Hospital

PCC
Depression in the Context of Medical Illness
Rounds in the General Hospital

Depression in the Context of Medical Illness

October 29, 2026

For most patients, depression reflects the combined influence of biological vulnerability, symptom burden, functional limitations, and the lived experience of significant medical illness.
, , , et al
PCC
Managing Propofol Withdrawal
Rounds in the General Hospital

Managing Propofol Withdrawal

October 27, 2026

Propofol withdrawal is an underrecognized but clinically significant syndrome that may occur after prolonged or high-dose infusion in critically ill patients.
, , , et al
PCC
Managing Delirium Associated With Critical Illness
Rounds in the General Hospital

Managing Delirium Associated With Critical Illness

October 6, 2026

While symptoms of delirium have traditionally been considered transient and fully reversible, many patients have symptoms for months to years, while some fail to return to their baseline.
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PCC
Rectal Insertion of Foreign Bodies
Rounds in the General Hospital

Rectal Insertion of Foreign Bodies

September 29, 2026

Psychiatric consultation can address the shame associated with hospitalization for rectal insertion of foreign objects, provide harm-reduction counseling, facilitate outpatient referral, and manage countertransference reactions among staff.
, , , et al
PCC
Practicing in Siloed Settings
Rounds in the General Hospital

Practicing in Siloed Settings

September 22, 2026

Effective countermeasures against isolation and burnout include peer support programs, small-group physician meetings, professional coaching, and informal consultation networks.
, , , et al
PCC
The Aftermath of Risking Life and Limb
Rounds in the General Hospital

The Aftermath of Risking Life and Limb

September 15, 2026

Traumatic injuries (often the result of impulsive and thoughtless behaviors) are potent drivers of disability, disfigurement, PTSD, TBIs, mortality, and high health care costs.
, , , et al

Case Reports

PCC
Oral Budesonide-Induced Psychosis
Case Report

Oral Budesonide-Induced Psychosis

October 29, 2026

A 66-year-old woman developed psychosis 1 week after beginning oral budesonide, which resolved with steroid taper
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PCC
Vascular Mania in Late Life
Case Report

Vascular Mania in Late Life

October 27, 2026

A 61-year-old man developed late-onset mania with psychotic features in the context of acute pontine infarction, autoimmune hyperthyroidism, and atrial fibrillation.
, , , et al
PCC
Psychiatric Symptoms After Stopping a GLP-1 Agonist
Case Report

Psychiatric Symptoms After Stopping a GLP-1 Agonist

October 22, 2026

This report describes 2 cases of mood and psychotic symptoms associated with discontinuation of GLP-1 agonists.
, , , et al
PCC
Rope-Tying Behavior in Late-Life GAD
Case Report

Rope-Tying Behavior in Late-Life GAD

October 22, 2026

This case demonstrates an unusual manifestation of late-life anxiety in which voluntary physical restraint functioned as a maladaptive coping strategy during episodes of overwhelming autonomic and emotional arousal.
, , , et al
PCC
Unexpected Butorphanol Dependence
Case Report

Unexpected Butorphanol Dependence

October 20, 2026

Initiation of butorphanol for acute pain increases the risk of iatrogenic dependence in patients with no history of psychoactive substance use.
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PCC
Methaqualone Ingestion in an Adolescent
Case Report

Methaqualone Ingestion in an Adolescent

October 15, 2026

An adolescent ingests what he believes to be an over-the-counter cold preparation obtained at an estate sale with the intent to “get a high.”
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Letter to the Editor

PCC
Psychedelics in Psychiatry: A Wakeup Call
Letter to the Editor

Psychedelics in Psychiatry: A Wakeup Call

October 20, 2026

In this letter to the editor, the authors discuss the recent fast-tracking of psychedelic research in the US, noting that clinicians must now lead this renaissance with scientific rigor…
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PCC
Shame and Alcohol Use Disorder
Letter to the Editor

Shame and Alcohol Use Disorder

July 9, 2026

The authors focus on a barrier to successful treatment for AUD: a patient’s sense of shame regarding their own heavy drinking.
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PCC
Peer Support to Prevent Suicide Among Medical Students
Letter to the Editor

Peer Support to Prevent Suicide Among Medical Students

May 14, 2026

The authors describe a peer support panel discussion designed to address suicide prevention, allowing medical students to actively participate in addressing critical mental health challenges they face in their…
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PCC
Take “Oedipus” Off
Letter to the Editor

Take “Oedipus” Off

May 12, 2026

The authors examine justification for using the name of Oedipus to identify a psychoanalytic concept concerning children aged 3–6 years describing attraction to the parent of the opposite sex…
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PCC
Catatonia, Neurocognitive Disorders, and End-of-Life Care
Letter to the Editor

Catatonia, Neurocognitive Disorders, and End-of-Life Care

April 28, 2026

The authors present a combined cohort of 4 patients with baseline neurocognitive disorders who developed catatonia shortly before death.
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PCC
Psychopharmacotherapy Updates
Letter to the Editor

Psychopharmacotherapy Updates

April 7, 2026

The authors provide an update for busy prescribers on the latest FDA-approved psychotropic medications.
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More Articles from The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders

PCC
Psychosis and Delirium During Menstruation
Case Report

Psychosis and Delirium During Menstruation

October 15, 2026

The authors report a case of recurrent delirium and psychosis temporally associated with co-occurring urinary tract infection and menstruation in a premenopausal woman.
, , , et al
PCC
Use of ECT and Ketamine in a POLG-Related Disorder
Case Report

Use of ECT and Ketamine in a POLG-Related Disorder

October 13, 2026

Ketamine therapy and ECT are 2 treatment modalities that may be considered in patients with a POLG-related disorder and mood symptoms.
, ,
PCC
Untreated Anorexia: A 40-Year Case
Case Report

Untreated Anorexia: A 40-Year Case

October 13, 2026

The authors present the case of a patient with a nontreated anorexia nervosa for more than 40 years, who developed severe medical complications secondary to the untreated psychiatric illness.
, , , et al
PCC
Body Integrity Dysphoria and Online Identity Communities
Case Report

Body Integrity Dysphoria and Online Identity Communities

October 8, 2026

A transgender young adult was admitted to the hospital after intentionally submerging both feet in dry ice, resulting in severe frostbite and requiring bilateral below-knee amputations.
, , , et al
PCC
Structured Serious Illness Communication
Case Report

Structured Serious Illness Communication

October 6, 2026

This case illustrates how early collaboration with an inpatient palliative care interdisciplinary team can promote patient-centered, goal-concordant care in the acute hospital setting.
, , , et al
PCC
AI-Associated Psychosis
Case Report

AI-Associated Psychosis

October 1, 2026

The authors present the case of a 27-year-old woman with psychosis, in whom the use of generative AI colored her clinical presentation.
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PCC
Psychotherapy Based on a Buddhist Concept
Case Report

Psychotherapy Based on a Buddhist Concept

October 1, 2026

The author describes a perplexing case of a 14-year-old girl with autism and the use of a psychotherapeutic treatment intervention based on a Buddhist concept.
PCC
Atypical Depression and OSA Screening
Case Report

Atypical Depression and OSA Screening

September 29, 2026

Young patients with atypical depression, marked weight gain, and snoring can go years without formal obstructive sleep apnea screening, contributing to underdiagnosis within psychiatric care.
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PCC
Kratom-Induced Serotonin Syndrome
Case Report

Kratom-Induced Serotonin Syndrome

September 24, 2026

A 38-year-old man on a stable regimen of psychotropic medication developed serotonin syndrome after heavy kratom use.
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PCC
Targeted Treatment of Agitation in Alzheimer’s Dementia
Academic Highlights ▶ Video

Targeted Treatment of Agitation in Alzheimer’s Dementia

September 22, 2026

The panelists provide recommendations to give primary care clinicians a practical, evidence-based guide for managing agitation in Alzheimer’s dementia, and the confidence to apply it.
, , , et al
PCC
Esketamine For Depression in MS
Case Report

Esketamine For Depression in MS

September 22, 2026

This case of a 42-year-old man introduces intranasal esketamine as a potentially useful treatment option for depressive symptoms in a patient with multiple sclerosis.
, , , et al
PCC
Olfactory Reference Syndrome Responding to Amisulpride
Case Report

Olfactory Reference Syndrome Responding to Amisulpride

September 17, 2026

The authors describe a case of olfactory reference syndrome in a 22-year-old woman, who presented with prominent referential beliefs and poor insight, closely resembling a first-episode psychosis.
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